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2025 South Korean presidential election

Updated: Wikipedia source

2025 South Korean presidential election

Early presidential elections were held in South Korea on 3 June 2025. Democratic Party nominee and former opposition leader Lee Jae Myung defeated the ruling People Power Party nominee Kim Moon-soo and New Reform Party nominee Lee Jun-seok. They were the ninth presidential elections since the 1987 democratization and the establishment of the Sixth Republic, the second to be held following an impeachment, and the first to take place in a year different from the original schedule. Originally scheduled for 3 March 2027, the election was brought forward to 3 June 2025, following the impeachment and removal of Yoon Suk Yeol. An early election is required by the constitution of South Korea within 60 days of a presidential vacancy. The 2025 early election was triggered by the 4 April decision of the Constitutional Court of Korea that removed Yoon from office. Later, the government officially called an election for 3 June – the second snap presidential election in South Korean history. Lee, who narrowly lost the 2022 presidential election to Yoon, ran again. Voter turnout was 79.38%, the highest since the 1997 presidential election. Campaign issues included the 2024 martial law crisis, infighting within the PPP, the economy, housing costs, political polarization, Trump tariffs, gender equality, the cost-of-living crisis, and the aging crisis.

Infobox

Registered
44,391,871
Turnout
79.38% ( 2.30pp)
Nominee
Lee Jae Myung
Party
Democratic
Votes
17,287,513
Percentage
49.42%

Tables

· Nominations › Democratic Party › Nominee
Democratic Party Nominee
Democratic Party Nominee
1
Democratic Party Nominee
Lee Jae-myung
Lee Jae-myung
1
Lee Jae-myung
for President
for President
1
for President
Leader of the Democratic Party(2022–2025)
Leader of the Democratic Party(2022–2025)
1
Leader of the Democratic Party(2022–2025)
1
Democratic Party Nominee
Lee Jae-myung
for President
Leader of the Democratic Party(2022–2025)
· Nominations › Democratic Party › Withdrawn or eliminated candidates
Kim Dong-yeon
Kim Dong-yeon
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Kim Dong-yeon
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Kim Kyoung-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Kim Doo-kwan
36th Governor of Gyeonggi Province (since 2022)
36th Governor of Gyeonggi Province (since 2022)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
36th Governor of Gyeonggi Province (since 2022)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Governor of South Gyeongsang Province (2018–2021)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Member of the National Assembly (2016–2024)
Eliminated: 27 April41,307 votes
Eliminated: 27 April41,307 votes
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 27 April41,307 votes
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 27 April25,512 votes
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Withdrew: 18 AprilDid not participate in primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Kim Dong-yeon
Kim Kyoung-soo
Kim Doo-kwan
36th Governor of Gyeonggi Province (since 2022)
Governor of South Gyeongsang Province (2018–2021)
Member of the National Assembly (2016–2024)
Eliminated: 27 April41,307 votes
Eliminated: 27 April25,512 votes
Withdrew: 18 AprilDid not participate in primary
The 21st Democratic Party Presidential Primary Election on 27 April 2025[25] · Nominations › Democratic Party › Withdrawn or eliminated candidates
Lee Jae Myung
Lee Jae Myung
Candidate
Lee Jae Myung
Results
Nominated
Votes
623,695
%
89.77
Kim Dong-yeon
Kim Dong-yeon
Candidate
Kim Dong-yeon
Results
Eliminated
Votes
41,307
%
6.87
Kim Kyoung-soo
Kim Kyoung-soo
Candidate
Kim Kyoung-soo
Results
Eliminated
Votes
25,512
%
3.36
Candidate
Results
Votes
%
Lee Jae Myung
Nominated
623,695
89.77
Kim Dong-yeon
Eliminated
41,307
6.87
Kim Kyoung-soo
Eliminated
25,512
3.36
· Nominations › People Power Party › Nominee
People Power Party Nominee
People Power Party Nominee
2
People Power Party Nominee
Kim Moon-soo
Kim Moon-soo
2
Kim Moon-soo
for President
for President
2
for President
Minister of Employment and Labor (2024–2025)
Minister of Employment and Labor (2024–2025)
2
Minister of Employment and Labor (2024–2025)
2
People Power Party Nominee
Kim Moon-soo
for President
Minister of Employment and Labor (2024–2025)
· Nominations › People Power Party › Withdrawn or eliminated candidates
Han Duck-soo
Han Duck-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Han Duck-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Han Dong-hoon
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Ahn Cheol-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Hong Joon-pyo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Na Kyung-won
Acting President of South Korea (2024; 2025)
Acting President of South Korea (2024; 2025)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Acting President of South Korea (2024; 2025)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Minister of Justice (2022–2023)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Member of the National Assembly (since 2022)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Mayor of Daegu (2022–2025)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Member of the National Assembly (since 2024)
Withdrew: 10 MayNomination rescinded after Kim Moon-soo reinstated as nominee
Withdrew: 10 MayNomination rescinded after Kim Moon-soo reinstated as nominee
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Withdrew: 10 MayNomination rescinded after Kim Moon-soo reinstated as nominee
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 3 MayEliminated in the final round of primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 29 AprilEliminated in the second round of primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Yoo Jeong-bok
Yoo Jeong-bok
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Yoo Jeong-bok
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Lee Cheol-woo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Yang Hyang-ja
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Yoo Seong-min
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Oh Se-hoon
Mayor of Incheon (since 2022)
Mayor of Incheon (since 2022)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Mayor of Incheon (since 2022)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Governor of North Gyeongsang Province (since 2018)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Member of the National Assembly (2020–2024)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Member of the National Assembly (2005–2020)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Mayor of Seoul (since 2021)
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Withdrew: 13 AprilDid not participate in primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Withdrew: 12 AprilDid not participate in primary (endorsed Ahn Cheol-soo)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination or withdrawal from the primaries
Han Duck-soo
Han Dong-hoon
Ahn Cheol-soo
Hong Joon-pyo
Na Kyung-won
Acting President of South Korea (2024; 2025)
Minister of Justice (2022–2023)
Member of the National Assembly (since 2022)
Mayor of Daegu (2022–2025)
Member of the National Assembly (since 2024)
Withdrew: 10 MayNomination rescinded after Kim Moon-soo reinstated as nominee
Eliminated: 3 MayEliminated in the final round of primary
Eliminated: 29 AprilEliminated in the second round of primary
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Yoo Jeong-bok
Lee Cheol-woo
Yang Hyang-ja
Yoo Seong-min
Oh Se-hoon
Mayor of Incheon (since 2022)
Governor of North Gyeongsang Province (since 2018)
Member of the National Assembly (2020–2024)
Member of the National Assembly (2005–2020)
Mayor of Seoul (since 2021)
Eliminated: 22 AprilEliminated in the first round of primary
Withdrew: 13 AprilDid not participate in primary
Withdrew: 12 AprilDid not participate in primary (endorsed Ahn Cheol-soo)
People Power 21st Presidential Primary Election on 3 May 2025[52] · Nominations › People Power Party › Withdrawn or eliminated candidates
Kim Moon-soo
Kim Moon-soo
Candidate
Kim Moon-soo
Results
Nominated
Votes from party members
246,519 (61.25%)
Poll
208,525 (51.81%)
Sum
455,044 (56.53%)
Han Dong-hoon
Han Dong-hoon
Candidate
Han Dong-hoon
Results
Eliminated
Votes from party members
155,961 (38.75%)
Poll
193,955 (48.19%)
Sum
349,916 (43.47%)
Candidate
Results
Votes from party members
Poll
Sum
Kim Moon-soo
Nominated
246,519 (61.25%)
208,525 (51.81%)
455,044 (56.53%)
Han Dong-hoon
Eliminated
155,961 (38.75%)
193,955 (48.19%)
349,916 (43.47%)
· Nominations › Third party nominees and independent candidates › Nominees
Reform Party Nominee
Reform Party Nominee
4
Reform Party Nominee
5
Democratic Labor Party Nominee
8
Independent Nominee
Lee Jun-seok
Lee Jun-seok
4
Lee Jun-seok
5
Kwon Yeong-guk
8
Song Jin-ho
for President
for President
4
for President
5
for President
8
for President
Member of the National Assembly(since 2024)
Member of the National Assembly(since 2024)
4
Member of the National Assembly(since 2024)
5
Leader of the Democratic Labor Party(since 2024)
8
Businessman
4
5
8
Reform Party Nominee
Democratic Labor Party Nominee
Independent Nominee
Lee Jun-seok
Kwon Yeong-guk
Song Jin-ho
for President
for President
for President
Member of the National Assembly(since 2024)
Leader of the Democratic Labor Party(since 2024)
Businessman
· Nominations › Third party nominees and independent candidates › Withdrawn, eliminated, or ineligible candidates
Independent
Independent
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Independent
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Liberty Unification Party
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
New Future Democratic Party
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Koo Joo-wa
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Lee Nak-yon
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Lawyer
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Former Prime Minister(2017–2020)
Withdrew: 1 JuneEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Withdrew: 1 JuneEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Withdrew: 1 JuneEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Withdrew: 19 MayEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Withdrew: 10 MayEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Progressive Party
Progressive Party
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Progressive Party
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Social Transformation Solidarity Conference
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Liberty Unification Party
Kim Jae-yeon
Kim Jae-yeon
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Kim Jae-yeon
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Jeon Kwang-hoon
Leader of the Progressive Party (since 2024)
Leader of the Progressive Party (since 2024)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Leader of the Progressive Party (since 2024)
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Chairman of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
President of Christian Council of Korea
Withdrew: 9 MayEndorsed Lee Jae Myung
Withdrew: 9 MayEndorsed Lee Jae Myung
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Withdrew: 9 MayEndorsed Lee Jae Myung
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Eliminated: 30 AprilEliminated in the primary
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Ineligible
Candidates in this section are sorted by date of elimination, withdrawal, or ineligible from the primaries
Independent
Liberty Unification Party
New Future Democratic Party
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Koo Joo-wa
Lee Nak-yon
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)
Lawyer
Former Prime Minister(2017–2020)
Withdrew: 1 JuneEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Withdrew: 19 MayEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Withdrew: 10 MayEndorsed Kim Moon-soo
Progressive Party
Social Transformation Solidarity Conference
Liberty Unification Party
Kim Jae-yeon
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Jeon Kwang-hoon
Leader of the Progressive Party (since 2024)
Chairman of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
President of Christian Council of Korea
Withdrew: 9 MayEndorsed Lee Jae Myung
Eliminated: 30 AprilEliminated in the primary
Ineligible
Social Transformation Solidarity Conference 21st Presidential Primary Election on 27–30 April 2025[80] · Nominations › Third party nominees and independent candidates › Withdrawn, eliminated, or ineligible candidates › Social Transformation Solidarity Conference (Democratic Labor Party)
Kwon Yeong-guk
Kwon Yeong-guk
Candidate
Kwon Yeong-guk
Results
Nominated
Votes
4,565
%
79.5
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Candidate
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Results
Eliminated
Votes
1,912
%
20.55
Candidate
Results
Votes
%
Kwon Yeong-guk
Nominated
4,565
79.5
Han Sang-gyun [ko]
Eliminated
1,912
20.55
· Registered candidates
1
1
#
1
Candidate
Lee Jae Myung
Affiliation
Democratic
Background
Leader of the Democratic Party (2022–2025)Member of the National Assembly (since 2022)Governor of Gyeonggi (2018–2021)2022 Democratic Party nominee for President
2
2
#
2
Candidate
Kim Moon-soo
Affiliation
People Power
Background
Minister of Employment and Labour (2024–2025)Governor of Gyeonggi (2006–2014)Member of the National Assembly (1996–2006)
4
4
#
4
Candidate
Lee Jun-seok
Affiliation
Reform Party
Background
Leader of the People Power Party (2021–2022)Leader of the Reform Party (2024)Member of the National Assembly (since 2024)
5
5
#
5
Candidate
Kwon Yeong-guk
Affiliation
Democratic Labor Party
Background
Leader of the Democratic Labor Party (since 2024)
6
6
#
6
Candidate
Koo Ju-hwa
Affiliation
Liberty Unification Party
Background
LawyerDropped out and endorsed People Power Party on 19 May 2025.
7
7
#
7
Candidate
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Affiliation
Independent
Background
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)Prime Minister of South Korea (2015–2017)Leader of the Liberty Korea Party (2019–2020)Leader of the United Future Party (2020)Dropped out and endorsed People Power Party on 1 June 2025.
8
8
#
8
Candidate
Song Jin-ho
Affiliation
Independent
Background
Businessman
#
Candidate
Affiliation
Background
1
Lee Jae Myung
Democratic
Leader of the Democratic Party (2022–2025)Member of the National Assembly (since 2022)Governor of Gyeonggi (2018–2021)2022 Democratic Party nominee for President
2
Kim Moon-soo
People Power
Minister of Employment and Labour (2024–2025)Governor of Gyeonggi (2006–2014)Member of the National Assembly (1996–2006)
4
Lee Jun-seok
Reform Party
Leader of the People Power Party (2021–2022)Leader of the Reform Party (2024)Member of the National Assembly (since 2024)
5
Kwon Yeong-guk
Democratic Labor Party
Leader of the Democratic Labor Party (since 2024)
6
Koo Ju-hwa
Liberty Unification Party
LawyerDropped out and endorsed People Power Party on 19 May 2025.
7
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Independent
Acting President of South Korea (2016–2017)Prime Minister of South Korea (2015–2017)Leader of the Liberty Korea Party (2019–2020)Leader of the United Future Party (2020)Dropped out and endorsed People Power Party on 1 June 2025.
8
Song Jin-ho
Independent
Businessman
· Campaign developments › Debates
Date and time (KST)
Date and time (KST)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Date and time (KST)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Host
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Moderator
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Participants
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Full debate
Key: .mw- .mw- .mw- P Participant NI Non-invitee
Key: .mw- .mw- .mw- P Participant NI Non-invitee
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Key: .mw- .mw- .mw- P Participant NI Non-invitee
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
DPK
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
PPP
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
RP
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
DLP
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Ind.
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Ind.
Lee Jae Myung
Lee Jae Myung
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Lee Jae Myung
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Kim Moon-soo
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Lee Jun-seok
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Kwon Yeong-guk
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Hwang Kyo-ahn
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Song Jin-ho
18 May 20:00
18 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
18 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Central Election Debate Committee
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Pyeon Sang-wook (SBS)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Link
19 May 22:00
19 May 22:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
19 May 22:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Ko hee-Kyung (SBS)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Link
23 May 20:00
23 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
23 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Lee Yoon-hee (KBS)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Link
27 May 20:00
27 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
27 May 20:00
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Jun Jong-hwan (MBC)
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
P
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
NI
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Link
2025 South Korean presidential election debates
Date and time (KST)
Host
Moderator
Participants
Full debate
Key: .mw- P Participant NI Non-invitee
DPK
PPP
RP
DLP
Ind.
Ind.
Lee Jae Myung
Kim Moon-soo
Lee Jun-seok
Kwon Yeong-guk
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Song Jin-ho
18 May 20:00
Central Election Debate Committee
Pyeon Sang-wook (SBS)
P
P
P
P
NI
NI
Link
19 May 22:00
Ko hee-Kyung (SBS)
NI
NI
NI
NI
P
P
Link
23 May 20:00
Lee Yoon-hee (KBS)
P
P
P
P
NI
NI
Link
27 May 20:00
Jun Jong-hwan (MBC)
P
P
P
P
NI
NI
Link
· Opinion polls › Exit polls
Lee Jae Myung
Lee Jae Myung
Candidate
Lee Jae Myung
Estimated percentage
51.7%
Kim Moon-soo
Kim Moon-soo
Candidate
Kim Moon-soo
Estimated percentage
39.3%
Lee Jun-seok
Lee Jun-seok
Candidate
Lee Jun-seok
Estimated percentage
7.7%
Kwon Yeong-guk
Kwon Yeong-guk
Candidate
Kwon Yeong-guk
Estimated percentage
1.3%
Song Jin-ho
Song Jin-ho
Candidate
Song Jin-ho
Estimated percentage
0.1%
Candidate
Estimated percentage
Lee Jae Myung
51.7%
Kim Moon-soo
39.3%
Lee Jun-seok
7.7%
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.3%
Song Jin-ho
0.1%
Breakdown of KBS/MBC/SBS exit poll · Opinion polls › Exit polls
Total vote
Total vote
Demographic group
Total vote
Lee Jae-myung
51.7
Kim Moon-soo
39.3
Lee Jun-seok
7.7
Gender
Gender
Demographic group
Gender
Men
Men
Demographic group
Men
Lee Jae-myung
48.3
Kim Moon-soo
39.4
Lee Jun-seok
11.1
Women
Women
Demographic group
Women
Lee Jae-myung
55.1
Kim Moon-soo
39.2
Lee Jun-seok
4.3
Age
Age
Demographic group
Age
18–29 years old
18–29 years old
Demographic group
18–29 years old
Lee Jae-myung
41.3
Kim Moon-soo
30.9
Lee Jun-seok
24.3
30–39 years old
30–39 years old
Demographic group
30–39 years old
Lee Jae-myung
47.6
Kim Moon-soo
32.7
Lee Jun-seok
17.7
40–49 years old
40–49 years old
Demographic group
40–49 years old
Lee Jae-myung
72.7
Kim Moon-soo
22.2
Lee Jun-seok
4.2
50–59 years old
50–59 years old
Demographic group
50–59 years old
Lee Jae-myung
69.8
Kim Moon-soo
25.9
Lee Jun-seok
3.3
60–69 years old
60–69 years old
Demographic group
60–69 years old
Lee Jae-myung
48.0
Kim Moon-soo
48.9
Lee Jun-seok
2.3
70 and older
70 and older
Demographic group
70 and older
Lee Jae-myung
34.0
Kim Moon-soo
64.0
Lee Jun-seok
1.5
Age by gender
Age by gender
Demographic group
Age by gender
18–29 years old men
18–29 years old men
Demographic group
18–29 years old men
Lee Jae-myung
24.0
Kim Moon-soo
36.9
Lee Jun-seok
37.2
18–29 years old women
18–29 years old women
Demographic group
18–29 years old women
Lee Jae-myung
58.1
Kim Moon-soo
25.3
Lee Jun-seok
10.3
30–39 years old men
30–39 years old men
Demographic group
30–39 years old men
Lee Jae-myung
37.9
Kim Moon-soo
34.5
Lee Jun-seok
25.8
30–39 years old women
30–39 years old women
Demographic group
30–39 years old women
Lee Jae-myung
57.3
Kim Moon-soo
31.2
Lee Jun-seok
9.3
40–49 years old men
40–49 years old men
Demographic group
40–49 years old men
Lee Jae-myung
72.8
Kim Moon-soo
21.0
Lee Jun-seok
5.3
40–49 years old women
40–49 years old women
Demographic group
40–49 years old women
Lee Jae-myung
72.6
Kim Moon-soo
23.4
Lee Jun-seok
3.0
50–59 years old men
50–59 years old men
Demographic group
50–59 years old men
Lee Jae-myung
71.5
Kim Moon-soo
24.2
Lee Jun-seok
3.2
50–59 years old women
50–59 years old women
Demographic group
50–59 years old women
Lee Jae-myung
68.1
Kim Moon-soo
27.6
Lee Jun-seok
3.3
60–69 years old men
60–69 years old men
Demographic group
60–69 years old men
Lee Jae-myung
48.6
Kim Moon-soo
47.7
Lee Jun-seok
2.7
60–69 years old women
60–69 years old women
Demographic group
60–69 years old women
Lee Jae-myung
47.5
Kim Moon-soo
50.0
Lee Jun-seok
1.9
70+ years old men
70+ years old men
Demographic group
70+ years old men
Lee Jae-myung
31.3
Kim Moon-soo
65.8
Lee Jun-seok
2.1
70+ years old women
70+ years old women
Demographic group
70+ years old women
Lee Jae-myung
36.2
Kim Moon-soo
62.6
Lee Jun-seok
1.0
Demographic group
Lee Jae-myung
Kim Moon-soo
Lee Jun-seok
Total vote
51.7
39.3
7.7
Gender
Men
48.3
39.4
11.1
Women
55.1
39.2
4.3
Age
18–29 years old
41.3
30.9
24.3
30–39 years old
47.6
32.7
17.7
40–49 years old
72.7
22.2
4.2
50–59 years old
69.8
25.9
3.3
60–69 years old
48.0
48.9
2.3
70 and older
34.0
64.0
1.5
Age by gender
18–29 years old men
24.0
36.9
37.2
18–29 years old women
58.1
25.3
10.3
30–39 years old men
37.9
34.5
25.8
30–39 years old women
57.3
31.2
9.3
40–49 years old men
72.8
21.0
5.3
40–49 years old women
72.6
23.4
3.0
50–59 years old men
71.5
24.2
3.2
50–59 years old women
68.1
27.6
3.3
60–69 years old men
48.6
47.7
2.7
60–69 years old women
47.5
50.0
1.9
70+ years old men
31.3
65.8
2.1
70+ years old women
36.2
62.6
1.0
· Opinion polls › Exit polls
Ideology
Ideology
Demographic group
Ideology
Conservatives
Conservatives
Demographic group
Conservatives
Lee Jae-myung
18.0
Kim Moon-soo
74.8
Lee Jun-seok
6.8
Moderates
Moderates
Demographic group
Moderates
Lee Jae-myung
59.4
Kim Moon-soo
29.0
Lee Jun-seok
10.0
Progressive
Progressive
Demographic group
Progressive
Lee Jae-myung
87.3
Kim Moon-soo
7.7
Lee Jun-seok
2.7
2022 presidential vote
2022 presidential vote
Demographic group
2022 presidential vote
Yoon Suk Yeol
Yoon Suk Yeol
Demographic group
Yoon Suk Yeol
Lee Jae-myung
9.2
Kim Moon-soo
82.6
Lee Jun-seok
7.5
Lee Jae-myung
Lee Jae-myung
Demographic group
Lee Jae-myung
Lee Jae-myung
93.0
Kim Moon-soo
3.5
Lee Jun-seok
2.7
Demographic group
Lee Jae-myung
Kim Moon-soo
Lee Jun-seok
Ideology
Conservatives
18.0
74.8
6.8
Moderates
59.4
29.0
10.0
Progressive
87.3
7.7
2.7
2022 presidential vote
Yoon Suk Yeol
9.2
82.6
7.5
Lee Jae-myung
93.0
3.5
2.7
· Opinion polls › Exit polls
To make a candidate win
To make a candidate win
Issues
To make a candidate win
Goal of voting
To prevent opponents winning
Lee Jae-myung
Lee Jae-myung
Issues
Lee Jae-myung
Goal of voting
77.1
Goal of voting
18.4
Kim Moon-soo
Kim Moon-soo
Issues
Kim Moon-soo
Goal of voting
57.1
Goal of voting
40.6
Lee Jun-seok
Lee Jun-seok
Issues
Lee Jun-seok
Goal of voting
56.8
Goal of voting
33.0
Issues
Goal of voting
To make a candidate win
To prevent opponents winning
Lee Jae-myung
77.1
18.4
Kim Moon-soo
57.1
40.6
Lee Jun-seok
56.8
33.0
· Opinion polls › Exit polls
MBN
MBN
Candidate
MBN
Estimated percentage
Channel A
Estimated percentage
JTBC
Lee Jae-myung
Lee Jae-myung
Candidate
Lee Jae-myung
Estimated percentage
49.1%
Estimated percentage
51.1%
Estimated percentage
50.6%
Kim Moon-soo
Kim Moon-soo
Candidate
Kim Moon-soo
Estimated percentage
41.7%
Estimated percentage
38.9%
Estimated percentage
39.4%
Lee Jun-seok
Lee Jun-seok
Candidate
Lee Jun-seok
Estimated percentage
7.8%
Estimated percentage
8.7%
Estimated percentage
7.9%
Candidate
Estimated percentage
MBN
Channel A
JTBC
Lee Jae-myung
49.1%
51.1%
50.6%
Kim Moon-soo
41.7%
38.9%
39.4%
Lee Jun-seok
7.8%
8.7%
7.9%
· Results
Lee Jae-myung Kim Moon-soo Lee Jun-seok Vote share by municipalities and provinces (inset)
· Results
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
34,980,616
Party
100.00
Valid votes
Valid votes
Candidate
Valid votes
Candidate
34,980,616
Party
99.27
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
Invalid/blank votes
Candidate
255,881
Party
0.73
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
35,236,497
Party
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
44,391,871
Party
79.38
Source: National Election Commission
Source: National Election Commission
Candidate
Source: National Election Commission
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Lee Jae Myung
Democratic Party
17,287,513
49.42
Kim Moon-soo
People Power Party
14,395,639
41.15
Lee Jun-seok
Reform Party
2,917,523
8.34
Kwon Yeong-guk
Democratic Labor Party
344,150
0.98
Song Jin-ho
Independent
35,791
0.10
Total
34,980,616
100.00
Valid votes
34,980,616
99.27
Invalid/blank votes
255,881
0.73
Total votes
35,236,497
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
44,391,871
79.38
Source: National Election Commission
Votes
Votes
Province/City
Votes
Lee Jae Myung
%
Lee Jae Myung
Votes
Kim Moon-soo
%
Kim Moon-soo
Votes
Lee Jun-seok
%
Lee Jun-seok
Votes
Kwon Yeong-guk
%
Kwon Yeong-guk
Votes
Song Jin-ho
%
Seoul
Seoul
Province/City
Seoul
Lee Jae Myung
3,105,459
Lee Jae Myung
47.13
Kim Moon-soo
2,738,405
Kim Moon-soo
41.56
Lee Jun-seok
655,346
Lee Jun-seok
9.95
Kwon Yeong-guk
83,900
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.27
Song Jin-ho
5,998
Song Jin-ho
0.09
Busan
Busan
Province/City
Busan
Lee Jae Myung
895,213
Lee Jae Myung
40.14
Kim Moon-soo
1,146,238
Kim Moon-soo
51.40
Lee Jun-seok
168,473
Lee Jun-seok
7.55
Kwon Yeong-guk
18,189
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.82
Song Jin-ho
2,099
Song Jin-ho
0.09
Daegu
Daegu
Province/City
Daegu
Lee Jae Myung
379,130
Lee Jae Myung
23.23
Kim Moon-soo
1,103,913
Kim Moon-soo
67.63
Lee Jun-seok
135,376
Lee Jun-seok
8.29
Kwon Yeong-guk
12,531
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.77
Song Jin-ho
1,362
Song Jin-ho
0.08
Incheon
Incheon
Province/City
Incheon
Lee Jae Myung
1,044,295
Lee Jae Myung
51.68
Kim Moon-soo
776,952
Kim Moon-soo
38.45
Lee Jun-seok
176,739
Lee Jun-seok
8.75
Kwon Yeong-guk
20,743
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.03
Song Jin-ho
2,098
Song Jin-ho
0.10
Gwangju
Gwangju
Province/City
Gwangju
Lee Jae Myung
844,682
Lee Jae Myung
84.77
Kim Moon-soo
79,937
Kim Moon-soo
8.02
Lee Jun-seok
62,104
Lee Jun-seok
6.23
Kwon Yeong-guk
8,767
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.88
Song Jin-ho
934
Song Jin-ho
0.09
Daejeon
Daejeon
Province/City
Daejeon
Lee Jae Myung
470,321
Lee Jae Myung
48.51
Kim Moon-soo
393,549
Kim Moon-soo
40.59
Lee Jun-seok
94,724
Lee Jun-seok
9.77
Kwon Yeong-guk
9,905
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.02
Song Jin-ho
1,109
Song Jin-ho
0.11
Ulsan
Ulsan
Province/City
Ulsan
Lee Jae Myung
315,820
Lee Jae Myung
42.54
Kim Moon-soo
353,180
Kim Moon-soo
47.57
Lee Jun-seok
63,177
Lee Jun-seok
8.51
Kwon Yeong-guk
9,299
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.25
Song Jin-ho
899
Song Jin-ho
0.12
Sejong
Sejong
Province/City
Sejong
Lee Jae Myung
140,620
Lee Jae Myung
55.63
Kim Moon-soo
83,965
Kim Moon-soo
33.22
Lee Jun-seok
25,004
Lee Jun-seok
9.89
Kwon Yeong-guk
2,961
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.17
Song Jin-ho
235
Song Jin-ho
0.09
Gyeonggi
Gyeonggi
Province/City
Gyeonggi
Lee Jae Myung
4,821,148
Lee Jae Myung
52.21
Kim Moon-soo
3,504,620
Kim Moon-soo
37.95
Lee Jun-seok
816,435
Lee Jun-seok
8.84
Kwon Yeong-guk
84,074
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.91
Song Jin-ho
8,356
Song Jin-ho
0.09
Gangwon
Gangwon
Province/City
Gangwon
Lee Jae Myung
449,161
Lee Jae Myung
43.96
Kim Moon-soo
483,360
Kim Moon-soo
47.31
Lee Jun-seok
78,704
Lee Jun-seok
7.70
Kwon Yeong-guk
9,422
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.92
Song Jin-ho
1,137
Song Jin-ho
0.11
North Chungcheong
North Chungcheong
Province/City
North Chungcheong
Lee Jae Myung
501,990
Lee Jae Myung
47.47
Kim Moon-soo
457,065
Kim Moon-soo
43.22
Lee Jun-seok
86,984
Lee Jun-seok
8.23
Kwon Yeong-guk
10,169
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.96
Song Jin-ho
1,228
Song Jin-ho
0.12
South Chungcheong
South Chungcheong
Province/City
South Chungcheong
Lee Jae Myung
661,316
Lee Jae Myung
47.68
Kim Moon-soo
600,108
Kim Moon-soo
43.27
Lee Jun-seok
111,092
Lee Jun-seok
8.01
Kwon Yeong-guk
12,893
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.93
Song Jin-ho
1,519
Song Jin-ho
0.11
North Jeolla
North Jeolla
Province/City
North Jeolla
Lee Jae Myung
1,023,272
Lee Jae Myung
82.65
Kim Moon-soo
134,996
Kim Moon-soo
10.90
Lee Jun-seok
67,961
Lee Jun-seok
5.49
Kwon Yeong-guk
10,061
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.81
Song Jin-ho
1,719
Song Jin-ho
0.14
South Jeolla
South Jeolla
Province/City
South Jeolla
Lee Jae Myung
1,111,941
Lee Jae Myung
85.87
Kim Moon-soo
110,624
Kim Moon-soo
8.54
Lee Jun-seok
60,822
Lee Jun-seok
4.70
Kwon Yeong-guk
9,352
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.72
Song Jin-ho
2,104
Song Jin-ho
0.16
North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang
Province/City
North Gyeongsang
Lee Jae Myung
442,683
Lee Jae Myung
25.53
Kim Moon-soo
1,159,594
Kim Moon-soo
66.87
Lee Jun-seok
116,094
Lee Jun-seok
6.69
Kwon Yeong-guk
13,884
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.80
Song Jin-ho
1,788
Song Jin-ho
0.10
South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang
Province/City
South Gyeongsang
Lee Jae Myung
851,733
Lee Jae Myung
39.40
Kim Moon-soo
1,123,843
Kim Moon-soo
51.99
Lee Jun-seok
161,579
Lee Jun-seok
7.47
Kwon Yeong-guk
21,809
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.01
Song Jin-ho
2,678
Song Jin-ho
0.12
Jeju
Jeju
Province/City
Jeju
Lee Jae Myung
228,729
Lee Jae Myung
54.77
Kim Moon-soo
145,290
Kim Moon-soo
34.79
Lee Jun-seok
36,909
Lee Jun-seok
8.84
Kwon Yeong-guk
6,191
Kwon Yeong-guk
1.48
Song Jin-ho
528
Song Jin-ho
0.13
Total
Total
Province/City
Total
Lee Jae Myung
17,287,513
Lee Jae Myung
49.42
Kim Moon-soo
14,395,639
Kim Moon-soo
41.15
Lee Jun-seok
2,917,523
Lee Jun-seok
8.34
Kwon Yeong-guk
344,150
Kwon Yeong-guk
0.98
Song Jin-ho
35,791
Song Jin-ho
0.10
Source: National Election Commission
Source: National Election Commission
Province/City
Source: National Election Commission
Province/City
Lee Jae Myung
Kim Moon-soo
Lee Jun-seok
Kwon Yeong-guk
Song Jin-ho
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Seoul
3,105,459
47.13
2,738,405
41.56
655,346
9.95
83,900
1.27
5,998
0.09
Busan
895,213
40.14
1,146,238
51.40
168,473
7.55
18,189
0.82
2,099
0.09
Daegu
379,130
23.23
1,103,913
67.63
135,376
8.29
12,531
0.77
1,362
0.08
Incheon
1,044,295
51.68
776,952
38.45
176,739
8.75
20,743
1.03
2,098
0.10
Gwangju
844,682
84.77
79,937
8.02
62,104
6.23
8,767
0.88
934
0.09
Daejeon
470,321
48.51
393,549
40.59
94,724
9.77
9,905
1.02
1,109
0.11
Ulsan
315,820
42.54
353,180
47.57
63,177
8.51
9,299
1.25
899
0.12
Sejong
140,620
55.63
83,965
33.22
25,004
9.89
2,961
1.17
235
0.09
Gyeonggi
4,821,148
52.21
3,504,620
37.95
816,435
8.84
84,074
0.91
8,356
0.09
Gangwon
449,161
43.96
483,360
47.31
78,704
7.70
9,422
0.92
1,137
0.11
North Chungcheong
501,990
47.47
457,065
43.22
86,984
8.23
10,169
0.96
1,228
0.12
South Chungcheong
661,316
47.68
600,108
43.27
111,092
8.01
12,893
0.93
1,519
0.11
North Jeolla
1,023,272
82.65
134,996
10.90
67,961
5.49
10,061
0.81
1,719
0.14
South Jeolla
1,111,941
85.87
110,624
8.54
60,822
4.70
9,352
0.72
2,104
0.16
North Gyeongsang
442,683
25.53
1,159,594
66.87
116,094
6.69
13,884
0.80
1,788
0.10
South Gyeongsang
851,733
39.40
1,123,843
51.99
161,579
7.47
21,809
1.01
2,678
0.12
Jeju
228,729
54.77
145,290
34.79
36,909
8.84
6,191
1.48
528
0.13
Total
17,287,513
49.42
14,395,639
41.15
2,917,523
8.34
344,150
0.98
35,791
0.10
Source: National Election Commission

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    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250414005300315
  45. 韩联社
    https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20250411102300881?section=image/photos
  46. "Ahn joins final four: PPP confirms lineup for second-round primary"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250422/ahn-joins-final-four-ppp-confirms-lineup-for-second-round-primary
  47. 안철수 "오세훈, 저와 정치적 스탠스 가장 비슷하다고 해"
    https://n.news.naver.com/article/018/0005989262?lfrom=twitter
  48. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250416005600315
  49. News 1
    https://www.news1.kr/politics/assembly/5407422
  50. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25328151
  51. Yonhap News Agency
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250412026600001?input=tw
  52. 한겨레신문사
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1195665.html
  53. Hankook Ilbo
    https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2024041114400005013
  54. The JoongAng
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25321537
  55. Khan
    https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202504141604001/
  56. The Korea Economic Daily
    https://www.hankyung.com/article/2025051043937
  57. Kyunghyang Shinmun
    https://www.khan.co.kr/politics/politics-general/article/202401121411001
  58. Yonhap News Agency
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250529043710/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250527005000315
  59. "In backing DP's Lee, Jinbo Party chief shifts focus from feminism to stopping PPP"
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-09/national/politics/In-backing-DPs-Lee-Jinbo-Party-chief-shifts-focus-from-feminism-to-stopping-PPP-/2303843
  60. Pressian
    https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2025050916235485371
  61. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/assembly/1191329.html
  62. JoongAng Ilbo
    https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25329777
  63. Incheon Today
    https://www.incheontoday.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=300822
  64. Chosun Weekly
    http://weekly.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=41284
  65. '부정선거 전도사' 황교안, 대선 출마 선언
    https://monthly.chosun.com/client/mdaily/daily_view.asp?idx=21813&Newsnumb=20250421813
  66. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250501005452315
  67. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250502003052315
  68. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-acting-leader-han-presidential-election-0e16a33705ff668e006bdac9550bc0ff
  69. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/south-koreas-han-duck-soo-to-run-in-june-presidential-election
  70. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-06/national/2025presidential/Han-Ducksoo-vows-constitutional-reform-to-unify-nation-as-key-policy/2300744
  71. Maeil Shinmun
    https://www.imaeil.com/page/view/2025051021284872828
  72. News1
    https://www.news1.kr/society/incident-accident/5777445
  73. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250427003000320
  74. MBC 뉴스
    https://imnews.imbc.com/news/2025/politics/article/6707512_36712.html
  75. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/politics_general/1194769.html#ace04ou
  76. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/election/1196729.html
  77. Yonhap News Agency
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250529043710/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250527005000315
  78. Labor Today
    https://www.labortoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=227220
  79. The Hankyoreh
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/assembly/1195224.html
  80. 한겨레21
    https://h21.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/57269.html
  81. Kyunghang Shinmun
    https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202505070601011
  82. Nate News
    https://news.nate.com/view/20250515n23470
  83. 구주와 자유통일당 대통령 후보 사퇴…김문수 지지 선언
    https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/election/1198167.html
  84. The Chosun Ilbo
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2025/06/01/TW2LTDSEHNDYBC46QQVPMS4YWI/
  85. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-06-01/national/politics/Independent-candidate-Hwang-Kyoahn-to-withdraw-back-PPPs-Kim/2320474
  86. law.go.kr
    https://law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=239615&chrClsCd=010203&urlMode=engLsInfoR&viewCls=engLsInfoR#EJ53:0
  87. MBC 뉴스
    https://imnews.imbc.com/news/2025/society/article/6699906_36718.html
  88. The Chosun Daily
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2025/05/02/BGUPHFNIOZGPBGZNFZWPKT5ITA/
  89. Korea JoongAng
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-07/national/politics/DP-candidate-Lee-Jaemyungs-retrial-rescheduled-to-after-the-June-3-election/2301627
  90. Korea JoongAng
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-06/national/2025presidential/Candidate-merger-failure-would-be-betrayal-and-treachery-says-Han-Ducksoo-/2300981
  91. "(LEAD) Ex-PM Han says won't register for presidential race if no agreement with PPP on unified candidacy"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250507006451315
  92. "PPP presidential candidate Kim Moon-soo claims party is leaving him out in the cold"
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-06/national/2025presidential/PPP-presidential-candidate-Kim-Moonsoo-claims-party-is-leaving-him-out-in-the-cold/2300771
  93. "PPP floor leader launches hunger strike to urge candidacy unification"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250507009500320
  94. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korean-presidential-candidate-accuses-party-pushing-him-out-2025-05-08/
  95. "2nd meeting between Kim, Han on candidacy merger ends without agreement"
    https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250508007652315?section=national/politics
  96. "Court dismisses injunction seeking to recognize Kim Moon-soo as PPP presidential candidate"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250509010500315
  97. "'I cannot accept that': PPP's Kim Moon-soo rejects merging candidacy with Han Duck-soo"
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-09/national/politics/I-cannot-accept-that-PPPs-Kim-Moonsoo-rejects-merging-candidacy-with-Han-Ducksoo/2303595
  98. 김문수 "국민의힘 후보 자격 불법 박탈…법적·정치적 대응"
    https://www.chosun.com/politics/election2025/2025/05/10/CI2LHTSPCBEKBM2MTAUZMTHCR4/
  99. "(5th LD) PPP members vote down motion to switch presidential candidate from Kim to Han"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250510000255315
  100. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250510002800320
  101. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-former-pm-han-drops-presidential-bid-ending-rift-among-2025-05-11/
  102. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250511000300315
  103. "Former PM rejects PPP candidate's offer to serve as election campaign chairman"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250512003800315
  104. "Kim Moon-soo apologizes for martial law, calls former leader's decision wrong"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250515/kim-moon-soo-apologizes-for-martial-law-calls-former-leaders-decision-wrong
  105. "What Yoon's 'decision to leave' means for People Power Party"
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10489821
  106. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-ex-president-yoon-says-he-is-leaving-conservative-party-2025-05-17/
  107. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10499573
  108. The Korea Herald
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10501113
  109. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250518000500315
  110. ChosunBiz
    https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-policy/2025/05/19/VQAML46PSRBWNHIJNAVE5EJORQ/
  111. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250523003152315
  112. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250527/candidates-clash-over-corruption-martial-law-in-last-tv-debate-before-vote
  113. The Korea Times
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/20250528/reform-party-candidate-under-fire-for-misogynistic-remark-during-tv-debate
  114. Korea Joongang Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-05-28/national/2025presidential/Lee-Junseok-apologizes-for-asking-if-sticking-chopsticks-in-womans-genitals-is-misogyny-I-was-quoting/2317656
  115. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250528007300315
  116. 매일경제
    https://www.mk.co.kr/en/politics/11331222
  117. CHOSUNBIZ
    https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-policy/2025/05/30/VHMBDYW53NAHPOLLBZ4KE266QA/
  118. KBS World
    http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=193438
  119. "Overseas voting begins in presidential election"
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250520005100315
  120. "Tentative overseas voter turnout for June presidential election at record high of 79.5 pct"
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10496018
  121. "Turnout for early voting falls short of 2022 at 34.74%"
    https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10499800
  122. "Election worker apprehended after allegedly casting vote on husband's behalf"
    https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/politics/20250530/election-worker-in-south-korea-apprehended-after-allegedly-casting-vote-on-husbands-behalf
  123. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250531002800315
  124. The Straits Times
    https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/lee-jae-myung-set-to-be-s-koreas-new-president-exit-polls-show
  125. The Chosun Daily
    https://www.chosun.com/english/national-en/2025/06/03/CALOIJ44XZDBPPI6QAC52XMH2M/
  126. Yonhap News Agency
    http://web.archive.org/web/20250603112641/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250603004900315
  127. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-koreas-liberal-new-president-lee-jae-myung-vows-economic-revival-judgement-2025-06-03/
  128. 오마이뉴스
    https://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0003137210&CMPT_CD=P0010
  129. Yonhap News
    https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250604006800001
  130. SBS News
    https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?newsId=N1008125323
  131. 아이뉴스24
    https://n.news.naver.com/article/031/0000937682
  132. 조선비즈
    https://n.news.naver.com/article/366/0001082896
  133. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250605003453315
  134. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250603005400315
  135. Korea JoongAng Daily
    https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-06-06/national/politics/Petition-to-boot-Lee-Junseok-from-Assembly-over-debate-comment-qualifies-for-review/2324519
  136. Money Today
    https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2025060322235213582
  137. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/china/white-house-calls-south-korea-election-fair-expresses-concern-about-chinese-2025-06-04/
  138. Yonhap News Agency
    https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20250604002200315
  139. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/south-korea-president-lee-a754f6c7fe8f44d15e2898b59b9a5f3c
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