2025 Philippine general election
Updated: 12/10/2025, 8:54:33 PM Wikipedia source
The 2025 Philippine general election was held on May 12, 2025. During this midterm election, where the winners take office mid-way through the term of President Bongbong Marcos, all 317 seats in the House of Representatives and 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate were contested to form the 20th Congress of the Philippines. Local elections were also held for the executive and legislative branches in every province, city, and municipality in the country. The first regular election to the Bangsamoro Parliament was supposed to be held within the general election after it was postponed in 2022 but will now be held on October 13, 2025. This was the first general election to be held following the 2023 Philippine barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections. This election was also the first automated election to be overseen by the South Korean firm Miru Systems after the Commission of Elections (COMELEC) disqualified Smartmatic from participating in future elections. Lakas–CMD remained the most dominant party inside the House of Representatives, as 104 of its congressional candidates in the 2025 midterm elections had secured seats for the 20th Congress, adding they would continue to support the presidential administration of Marcos. Only six of the twelve elected senators are from the Marcos alliance; of those six, one (Camille Villar) is only partly in his camp, as she also accepted endorsement from Sara Duterte. Four of the elected senators are in the Duterte camp, including the president's sister Imee Marcos. Two were in the top three vote-winners, ahead of any Marcos candidate. The elections are likely to have an effect on the impeachment of Sara Duterte. This general election saw a turnout of 82.2%, the highest for a midterm election, with 57,350,968 ballots being cast from 69,673,653 registered voters.
Infobox
Registered
69,673,653
Turnout
57,350,968 (82.20% 0.78pp from 2022)
Alliance
Oposisyon ng Bayan
Seats won
0
Popular vote
28,001,064
Percentage
6.53
Party
Party Vote % Seats /– Lakas 32.87 103 77 NUP 12.05 32 −1 NPC 11.83 31 −4 PFP 10.47 27 25 Nacionalista 9.36 22 −14 Liberal 3.08 6 −4 Aksyon 2.66 2 2 PDP 1.32 2 −64 LDP 0.62 2 1 PRP 0.58 1 −2 PMP 0.53 2 2 UNA 0.28 1 0 CDP 0.25 1 0 Others 14.08 22 −12 Party-list — 64 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Speaker before Speaker after Martin RomualdezLakas Martin RomualdezLakas
Tables
| Party | Vote % | Seats | +/– | |
| Lakas | 32.87 | 103 | +77 | |
| NUP | 12.05 | 32 | −1 | |
| NPC | 11.83 | 31 | −4 | |
| PFP | 10.47 | 27 | +25 | |
| Nacionalista | 9.36 | 22 | −14 | |
| Liberal | 3.08 | 6 | −4 | |
| Aksyon | 2.66 | 2 | +2 | |
| PDP | 1.32 | 2 | −64 | |
| LDP | 0.62 | 2 | +1 | |
| PRP | 0.58 | 1 | −2 | |
| PMP | 0.53 | 2 | +2 | |
| UNA | 0.28 | 1 | 0 | |
| CDP | 0.25 | 1 | 0 | |
| Others | 14.08 | 22 | −12 | |
| Party-list | — | 64 | +1 | |
· Electoral system › Schedule
Voter registration
Voter registration
Activity
Voter registration
Start
February 12, 2024
End
September 30, 2024
Overseas voter registration
Overseas voter registration
Activity
Overseas voter registration
Start
December 9, 2022
Holding of political conventions
Holding of political conventions
Activity
Holding of political conventions
Start
September 1, 2024
End
September 28, 2024
Filing of certificates of candidacies
Filing of certificates of candidacies
Activity
Filing of certificates of candidacies
Start
October 1, 2024
End
October 8, 2024
Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot
Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot
Activity
Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot
Start
October 8, 2024
Election period
Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms
Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials
Suspension of recruitment, processing of, and ultimate appointment of government employees/staff, whether de jure (plantilla) or de facto ("Contract of Service" (CoS), "job order" (JO) )
Election period
Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms
Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials
Suspension of recruitment, processing of, and ultimate appointment of government employees/staff, whether de jure (plantilla) or de facto ("Contract of Service" (CoS), "job order" (JO) )
Activity
Election period
Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms
Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials
Suspension of recruitment, processing of, and ultimate appointment of government employees/staff, whether de jure (plantilla) or de facto ("Contract of Service" (CoS), "job order" (JO) )
Start
January 12, 2025
End
June 11, 2025
Campaign period for nationally elected positions
Campaign period for nationally elected positions
Activity
Campaign period for nationally elected positions
Start
February 11, 2025
End
May 10, 2025
Campaign period for locally elected positions
Campaign period for locally elected positions
Activity
Campaign period for locally elected positions
Start
March 28, 2025
Voting for overseas voters
Voting for overseas voters
Activity
Voting for overseas voters
Start
April 13, 2025
End
May 12, 2025
Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday)
Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday)
Activity
Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday)
Start
April 17, 2025
End
April 18, 2025
Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines
Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines
Activity
Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines
Start
April 28, 2025
End
April 30, 2025
Liquor ban
Liquor ban
Activity
Liquor ban
Start
May 11, 2025
End
May 12, 2025
Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines
Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines
Activity
Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines
Start
May 12, 2025
Term of office of winning candidates for senators
Term of office of winning candidates for senators
Activity
Term of office of winning candidates for senators
Start
June 30, 2031
| Activity | Start | End |
| Voter registration | February 12, 2024 | September 30, 2024 |
| Overseas voter registration | December 9, 2022 | |
| Holding of political conventions | September 1, 2024 | September 28, 2024 |
| Filing of certificates of candidacies | October 1, 2024 | October 8, 2024 |
| Deadline in substituting a candidate for it to appear on the ballot | October 8, 2024 | |
| Election period Prohibition on carrying and usage of firearms Prohibition on suspending from office of local elective officials Suspension of recruitment, processing of, and ultimate appointment of government employees/staff, whether de jure (plantilla) or de facto ("Contract of Service" (CoS), "job order" (JO) ) | January 12, 2025 | June 11, 2025 |
| Campaign period for nationally elected positions | February 11, 2025 | May 10, 2025 |
| Campaign period for locally elected positions | March 28, 2025 | |
| Voting for overseas voters | April 13, 2025 | May 12, 2025 |
| Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday) | April 17, 2025 | April 18, 2025 |
| Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines | April 28, 2025 | April 30, 2025 |
| Liquor ban | May 11, 2025 | May 12, 2025 |
| Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines | May 12, 2025 | |
| Term of office of winning candidates for local officials and the House of Representatives | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2028 |
| Term of office of winning candidates for senators | June 30, 2031 | |
Parties and coalitions participating in the 2025 Philippine general election · Parties and coalitions
House
House
Coalition
House
Coalition
Senate
| Coalition | Parties endorsed | Current seats | ||
| House | Senate | |||
| Alyansa para sa Bagong PilipinasFormed May 8, 2024 | ▌ Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) ▌ Lakas–CMD ▌ Nacionalista Party (NP) ▌ National Unity Party (NUP) ▌ Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) | 230 / 316 | 12 / 24 | |
| DuterTenAnnounced April 19, 2024 | ▌ Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (PDP) ▌ Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma (PDR) ▌ Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan (PDDS) | 1 / 316 | 3 / 24 | |
| KiBamAnnounced February 22, 2024 | ▌ Akbayan ▌ Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KANP) ▌ Liberal Party (LP) | 6 / 316 | 2 / 24 | |
| MakabayanAnnounced June 26, 2024 | ▌ ACT Teachers ▌ GABRIELA ▌ Kabataan ▌ Bayan Muna | 3 / 316 | 0 / 24 | |
· Results › Senate
Total
Total
Candidate
Total
Candidate
428,489,615
Party or alliance
100.00
Total votes
Total votes
Candidate
Total votes
Candidate
57,350,958
Party or alliance
–
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
Registered voters/turnout
Candidate
69,673,655
Party or alliance
82.31
Source: COMELEC
Source: COMELEC
Candidate
Source: COMELEC
| Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
| Bong Go | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 27,121,073 | 47.29 | ||
| Bam Aquino | KiBam | Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino | 20,971,899 | 36.57 | ||
| Ronald dela Rosa | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 20,773,946 | 36.22 | ||
| Erwin Tulfo | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Lakas–CMD | 17,118,881 | 29.85 | ||
| Kiko Pangilinan | KiBam | Liberal Party | 15,343,229 | 26.75 | ||
| Rodante Marcoleta | DuterTen | Independent | 15,250,723 | 26.59 | ||
| Panfilo Lacson | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Independent | 15,106,111 | 26.34 | ||
| Tito Sotto | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Nationalist People's Coalition | 14,832,996 | 25.86 | ||
| Pia Cayetano | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Nacionalista Party | 14,573,430 | 25.41 | ||
| Camille Villar | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Nacionalista Party | 13,651,274 | 23.80 | ||
| Lito Lapid | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Nationalist People's Coalition | 13,394,102 | 23.35 | ||
| Imee Marcos | Nacionalista Party | 13,339,227 | 23.26 | |||
| Ben Tulfo | Independent | 12,090,090 | 21.08 | |||
| Bong Revilla | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Lakas–CMD | 12,027,845 | 20.97 | ||
| Abigail Binay | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Nationalist People's Coalition | 11,808,645 | 20.59 | ||
| Benhur Abalos | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 11,580,520 | 20.19 | ||
| Jimmy Bondoc | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 10,615,598 | 18.51 | ||
| Manny Pacquiao | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 10,397,133 | 18.13 | ||
| Phillip Salvador | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 10,241,491 | 17.86 | ||
| Bonifacio Bosita | Riding-in-Tandem Team | Independent | 9,805,903 | 17.10 | ||
| Heidi Mendoza | Independent | 8,759,732 | 15.27 | |||
| Willie Revillame | Independent | 8,568,924 | 14.94 | |||
| Vic Rodriguez | DuterTen | Independent | 8,450,668 | 14.74 | ||
| Raul Lambino | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 8,383,593 | 14.62 | ||
| Francis Tolentino | Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 7,702,550 | 13.43 | ||
| Jayvee Hinlo | DuterTen | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 7,471,704 | 13.03 | ||
| Willie Ong | Aksyon Demokratiko | 7,371,944 | 12.85 | |||
| Gregorio Honasan | Reform PH Party | 6,700,772 | 11.68 | |||
| Luke Espiritu | Partido Lakas ng Masa | 6,481,413 | 11.30 | |||
| Richard Mata | DuterTen | Independent | 5,789,181 | 10.09 | ||
| Apollo Quiboloy | DuterTen | Independent | 5,719,041 | 9.97 | ||
| Teodoro Casiño | Makabayan | 4,648,271 | 8.10 | |||
| Arlene Brosas | Makabayan | 4,343,773 | 7.57 | |||
| Leody de Guzman | Partido Lakas ng Masa | 4,136,899 | 7.21 | |||
| Danilo Ramos | Makabayan | 4,091,257 | 7.13 | |||
| Ariel Querubin | Riding-in-Tandem Team | Nacionalista Party | 3,950,051 | 6.89 | ||
| Liza Maza | Makabayan | 3,927,784 | 6.85 | |||
| Sonny Matula | Workers' and Peasants' Party | 3,865,792 | 6.74 | |||
| Ronnel Arambulo | Makabayan | 3,846,216 | 6.71 | |||
| France Castro | Makabayan | 3,670,972 | 6.40 | |||
| Angelo de Alban | Independent | 2,556,983 | 4.46 | |||
| Roberto Ballon | Independent | 2,389,847 | 4.17 | |||
| Norman Marquez | Independent | 1,150,095 | 2.01 | |||
| Eric Martinez | Independent | 1,032,201 | 1.80 | |||
| Norberto Gonzales | Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas | 990,091 | 1.73 | |||
| Jocelyn Andamo | Makabayan | 829,084 | 1.45 | |||
| Allen Capuyan | Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago | 818,437 | 1.43 | |||
| Ernesto Arellano | Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi | 801,677 | 1.40 | |||
| Jerome Adonis | Makabayan | 779,868 | 1.36 | |||
· Results › House of Representatives › Elections on congressional districts
Party
Party
Col 1
Party
Col 2
Votes
Col 3
%
Col 4
+/–
Col 5
Seats
Col 6
+/–
Party-list seats
Party-list seats
Col 1
Party-list seats
Col 3
64
Col 4
+1
Total
Total
Col 1
Total
Col 2
50,485,144
Col 3
100.00
Col 4
–
Col 5
318
Col 6
+1
Valid votes
Valid votes
Col 1
Valid votes
Col 2
50,485,144
Col 3
88.46
Col 4
+1.48
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Col 1
Invalid/blank votes
Col 2
6,585,150
Col 3
11.54
Col 4
−1.48
Total votes
Total votes
Col 1
Total votes
Col 2
57,070,294
Col 3
100.00
Col 4
–
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Col 1
Registered voters/turnout
Col 2
68,431,965
Col 3
83.40
Col 4
−0.70
Source: COMELEC (results per district, registered voters)
Source: COMELEC (results per district, registered voters)
Col 1
Source: COMELEC (results per district, registered voters)
| | ||||||
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| Lakas–CMD | 16,596,698 | 32.87 | +23.70 | 103 | +77 | |
| National Unity Party | 6,080,987 | 12.05 | +0.13 | 32 | −1 | |
| Nationalist People's Coalition | 5,974,201 | 11.83 | −0.60 | 31 | −4 | |
| Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 5,286,538 | 10.47 | +9.53 | 27 | +25 | |
| Nacionalista Party | 4,724,803 | 9.36 | −4.38 | 22 | −14 | |
| Liberal Party | 1,555,941 | 3.08 | −0.70 | 6 | −4 | |
| Aksyon Demokratiko | 1,341,540 | 2.66 | +0.72 | 2 | +2 | |
| Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | 666,067 | 1.32 | −21.45 | 2 | −64 | |
| Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod | 542,710 | 1.07 | +0.93 | 3 | +3 | |
| Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino | 314,981 | 0.62 | −0.16 | 2 | +1 | |
| People's Reform Party | 292,665 | 0.58 | −1.38 | 1 | −2 | |
| Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino | 269,949 | 0.53 | +0.52 | 2 | +2 | |
| United Bangsamoro Justice Party | 236,857 | 0.47 | −0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
| Unang Sigaw | 183,912 | 0.36 | −0.29 | 0 | 0 | |
| Makatizens United Party | 150,189 | 0.30 | New | 2 | New | |
| Sama Sama Tarlac | 143,868 | 0.28 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| United Nationalist Alliance | 142,655 | 0.28 | +0.14 | 1 | 0 | |
| Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino | 134,137 | 0.27 | +0.26 | 0 | 0 | |
| National Unity Party/United Negros Alliance | 130,023 | 0.26 | −0.27 | 1 | −1 | |
| Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines | 127,646 | 0.25 | −0.02 | 1 | 0 | |
| Partido Navoteño | 116,622 | 0.23 | +0.06 | 1 | 0 | |
| One Capiz | 109,249 | 0.22 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Reform PH Party | 107,966 | 0.21 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Lakas–CMD/One Cebu | 104,768 | 0.21 | New | 1 | New | |
| Adelante Zamboanga Party | 100,035 | 0.20 | +0.05 | 1 | 0 | |
| Padajon Surigao Party | 99,856 | 0.20 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Galing at Serbisyo para sa Mindoreño | 91,073 | 0.18 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Filipino Rights Protection Advocates of Manila Movement | 87,183 | 0.17 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Nationalist People's Coalition/One Cebu | 74,936 | 0.15 | New | 1 | New | |
| Asenso Manileño | 70,780 | 0.14 | New | 1 | 0 | |
| Akay National Political Party | 68,524 | 0.14 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Workers' and Peasants' Party | 50,618 | 0.10 | +0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kusog Bicolandia | 33,789 | 0.07 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Partido Lakas ng Masa | 28,746 | 0.06 | +0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
| Asenso Abrenio | 23,308 | 0.05 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Makabayan | 22,698 | 0.04 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas | 14,343 | 0.03 | −0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma | 12,672 | 0.03 | −0.96 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independent | 4,371,611 | 8.66 | +4.23 | 11 | +5 | |
| Party-list seats | 64 | +1 | ||||
| Total | 50,485,144 | 100.00 | – | 318 | +1 | |
| Valid votes | 50,485,144 | 88.46 | +1.48 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 6,585,150 | 11.54 | −1.48 | |||
| Total votes | 57,070,294 | 100.00 | – | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 68,431,965 | 83.40 | −0.70 | |||
| Source: COMELEC (results per district, registered voters) | ||||||
· Results › House of Representatives › Party-list election
Total
Total
Party
Total
Party
39,611,775
Votes
100.00
%
64
Seats
+1
Valid votes
Valid votes
Party
Valid votes
Party
39,611,775
Votes
69.07
%
+3.62
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Party
Invalid/blank votes
Party
17,739,183
Votes
30.93
%
−3.62
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
57,350,958
Votes
–
%
–
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Party
Registered voters/turnout
Party
69,673,655
Votes
82.31
%
−0.67
Source: COMELEC (vote totals)
Source: COMELEC (vote totals)
Party
Source: COMELEC (vote totals)
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Akbayan | 2,779,621 | 7.02 | 3 | +2 | |
| Tingog Party List | 1,822,708 | 4.60 | 3 | +1 | |
| 4Ps Partylist | 1,469,571 | 3.71 | 2 | 0 | |
| ACT-CIS Partylist | 1,239,930 | 3.13 | 2 | −1 | |
| Ako Bicol | 1,073,119 | 2.71 | 2 | 0 | |
| Uswag Ilonggo | 777,754 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | |
| Solid North Party | 765,322 | 1.93 | 1 | New | |
| Trabaho Partylist | 709,283 | 1.79 | 1 | +1 | |
| Citizens' Battle Against Corruption | 593,911 | 1.50 | 1 | 0 | |
| Malasakit at Bayanihan | 580,100 | 1.46 | 1 | 0 | |
| Senior Citizens Partylist | 577,753 | 1.46 | 1 | 0 | |
| Puwersa ng Pilipinong Pandagat | 575,762 | 1.45 | 1 | New | |
| Mamamayang Liberal | 547,949 | 1.38 | 1 | New | |
| FPJ Panday Bayanihan | 538,003 | 1.36 | 1 | New | |
| United Senior Citizens Partylist | 533,913 | 1.35 | 1 | 0 | |
| 4K Partylist | 521,592 | 1.32 | 1 | New | |
| LPG Marketers Association | 517,833 | 1.31 | 1 | 0 | |
| Coop-NATCCO | 509,913 | 1.29 | 1 | 0 | |
| Ako Bisaya | 477,796 | 1.21 | 1 | 0 | |
| Construction Workers Solidarity | 477,517 | 1.21 | 1 | 0 | |
| Pinoy Workers Partylist | 475,985 | 1.20 | 1 | New | |
| AGAP Partylist | 469,412 | 1.19 | 1 | 0 | |
| Asenso Pinoy | 423,133 | 1.07 | 1 | +1 | |
| Agimat Partylist | 420,813 | 1.06 | 1 | 0 | |
| TGP Partylist | 407,922 | 1.03 | 1 | 0 | |
| SAGIP Partylist | 405,297 | 1.02 | 1 | −1 | |
| Alona Partylist | 393,684 | 0.99 | 1 | 0 | |
| 1-Rider Partylist | 385,700 | 0.97 | 1 | −1 | |
| Kamanggagawa | 382,657 | 0.97 | 1 | New | |
| Galing sa Puso Party | 381,880 | 0.96 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kamalayan | 381,437 | 0.96 | 1 | +1 | |
| Bicol Saro | 366,177 | 0.92 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kusug Tausug | 365,916 | 0.92 | 1 | 0 | |
| Alliance of Concerned Teachers | 353,631 | 0.89 | 1 | 0 | |
| One Coop | 334,098 | 0.84 | 1 | +1 | |
| KM Ngayon Na | 324,405 | 0.82 | 1 | +1 | |
| Abante Mindanao | 320,349 | 0.81 | 1 | New | |
| Bagong Henerasyon | 319,803 | 0.81 | 1 | 0 | |
| Trade Union Congress Party | 314,814 | 0.79 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kabataan | 312,344 | 0.79 | 1 | 0 | |
| APEC Partylist | 310,427 | 0.78 | 1 | 0 | |
| Magbubukid | 310,289 | 0.78 | 1 | New | |
| 1Tahanan | 309,761 | 0.78 | 1 | +1 | |
| Ako Ilocano Ako | 301,406 | 0.76 | 1 | 0 | |
| Manila Teachers Party-List | 301,291 | 0.76 | 1 | 0 | |
| Nanay Partylist | 293,430 | 0.74 | 1 | New | |
| Kapuso PM | 293,149 | 0.74 | 1 | New | |
| SSS-GSIS Pensyonado | 290,359 | 0.73 | 1 | New | |
| DUMPER Partylist | 279,532 | 0.71 | 1 | 0 | |
References
- Guest candidate of DuterTen
- Withdrew but remained on the ballot
- Proclaimed as winner on September 17, 2025 by virtue of the COMELEC declaring a 64th seat being up
- Proclaimed as winner on October 2, 2025 by virtue of Duterte Youth's disqualification
- Includes 2,338,564 votes for Duterte Youth, which the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) second division cancelled its re
- There were 4 Nacionalista candidates in this election. Two (Pia Cayetano and Camille Villar) ran under the Alyansa slate
- Total seats held by the endorsed parties
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/443255/lakas-cmd-still-dominant-house-party-with-104-bets-winning/
- BBChttps://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7v73192pp3o
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/voter-turnout-comelec-report-may-2025/
- Assistance.PHhttps://assistance.ph/comelec-how-to-register-philippine-elections/
- philcongencalgary.orghttps://philcongencalgary.org/overseas-voting
- PCIJhttp://pcij.org/2023/09/29/philippines-prepares-for-elections-in-next-two-years-urgent-tasks-for-comelec-voters/
- pna.gov.phhttps://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1219232
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/things-to-know-comelec-special-register-anywhere-program/
- Philippine News Agencyhttps://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1216182
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1764798/comelec-expects-71-million-registered-voters-for-2025-midterm-elections
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/comelec-disqualifies-smartmatic-participation-elections/
- ABS-CBN Newshttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/11/29/23/smartmatic-disqualified-from-comelec-procurements
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/explainers/why-comelec-threw-out-lone-bid-proposal-full-automation-project-system/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1905228/lawmakers-experts-on-comelecs-awarding-of-vote-counting-machine-contract
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/892269/comelec-urged-to-review-miru-s-track-record-amid-2025-poll-system-bidding/story/
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/894382/s-korean-firm-miru-denies-allegations-of-election-failures-in-iraq-congo/story/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1885151/news-briefs-323
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/explainers/how-korea-miru-became-front-runner-search-2025-election-provider-philippines/
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- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/895074/comelec-starts-evaluation-of-miru-automated-poll-system/story/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1908549/comelec-awards-vote-counting-machine-contract-to-miru-systems
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/ione-resources-ardent-networks-bag-comelec-contract-transmission-election-results-2025/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1917008/fwd-comelec-and-miru-on-contract-signing-for-2025-polls
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1917523/solons-hit-comelec-for-not-getting-the-side-of-miru-systems-foreign-critics
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/900903/hontiveros-comelec-award-of-vcm-contract-to-miru-disturbing/story/
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/st-timothy-construction-under-scrutiny-2025-election-contract-miru-local-partner/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1930917/sc-reverses-comelec-ruling-that-barred-smartmatic-from-bidding
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/04/17/2348360/comelec-committed-grave-abuse-discretion-disqualifying-smartmatic-sc
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- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/907078/smartmatic-calls-on-comelec-to-use-existing-vcms-in-2025-polls/story/
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/comelec-chair-garcia-hits-rodante-marcoleta-demolition-job-allegations-machine-bribery-scheme/
- "SC tells Erice to comment on gag order motion filed by Miru Systems"https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/7/16/sc-tells-erice-to-comment-on-gag-order-motion-filed-by-miru-systems-1651
- "Comelec chair's comments on poll deal draw contempt motion"https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/07/16/2370614/comelec-chairs-comments-poll-deal-draw-contempt-motion
- Manila Standardhttps://manilastandard.net/news/elections-2025/314528842/miru-fully-delivers-over-110k-acms-for-2025-midterm-polls.html
- "Philippines Votes 2025: A Power Shift in the Senate"https://www.csis.org/analysis/philippines-votes-2025-power-shift-senate
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/comelec-picks-sequent-tech-sms-global-technologies-online-voting-contractor-2025/
- BusinessMirrorhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240306161847/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2024/03/07/house-panel-okays-rbh-7-in-bid-to-fast-track-cha-cha/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1874283/romualdez-mulling-revisiting-cha-cha-for-economic-provision-amendments
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/29/2336968/marcos-jr-cha-cha-plebiscite-2025-polls-costly
- TIMEhttps://time.com/6835896/philippines-marcos-constitution-amend-charter-change-plan-controversy/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/08/2331801/comelec-rules-out-cha-cha-plebiscite-2025-polls
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- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/28/2336826/comelec-changes-tune-oks-plebiscite-2025-elections
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1794031/supreme-court-declares-law-postponing-barangay-and-sk-elections-unconstitutional-orders-poll-conduct-in-october
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1803074/comelec-wants-2025-bske-moved-to-2026
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1938238/villafuerte-on-suggesting-barangay-polls-in-2026-to-avoid-short-terms-for-incumbent-execs
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- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://globalnation.inquirer.net/274167/tolentino-bares-evidence-china-paying-farm-troll-to-discredit-ph-govt
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- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/army-deploys-zamboanga-del-sur-troops-lanao-del-sur-polls/
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- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/cops-replace-teachers-election-boards-lanao-basilan/
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- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/banat/balita/2025/05/12/2442512/dul-8000-sundalo-ipakatap-sa-visayas
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/15/2443341/man-nabbed-threatening-bomb-comelec-sites
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- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/938775/eleksyon-2025/story/
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/439587/intl-group-scores-red-tagging-as-most-common-election-violation/
- Business World Onlinehttps://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2025/05/11/671800/577-cases-of-red-tagging-logged/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/946753/pnp-validated-election-related-incidents-reached-100/story/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/4/29/pnp-35-election-related-incidents-12-dead-ahead-of-2025-polls-1647
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/5/11/over-600-cases-of-vote-buying-reported-says-comelec-2141
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/416964/village-guard-killed-6-hurt-in-shariff-aguak-coc-filing-violence/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/923194/coc-snatching-negros-occidental/story/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/gunmen-kill-town-council-bet-datu-hoffer-maguindanao-del-sur-ambush-october-19-2024/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/927494/vice-mayoral-aspirant-dead-south-cotabato/story/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/928092/pnp-election-officer-shot-dead-in-sultan-kudarat/story/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2024/11/25/comelec-condemns-killing-of-election-officer-in-lanao-del-norte-0022
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/luzon/incumbent-pangasinan-councilor-ponciano-onia-jr-death/
- The Philippine Starhttps://qa.philstar.com/nation/2024/12/20/2408763/municipal-councilor-zamboanga-del-norte-shot-dead
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2024/12/21/sulu-election-officer-survives-ambush-brother-injured-1646
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/931187/petitioner-vs-alleged-flying-voters-shot-dead-in-lanao-del-sur/story/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/comelec-purging-voters-list-pualas-lanao-del-sur/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/regionaltv/news/106219/aspiring-councilor-shot-dead-in-cotabato/story/
- Manila Bulletinhttps://mb.com.ph/2025/1/25/reelectionist-municipal-councilor-shot-dead-in-vigan-city
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/police-arrest-nabalawag-barmm-mayor-anwar-saluwang-aides-election-gun-ban-davao-february-4-2025/
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2033619/maguindanao-del-sur-vice-mayoral-candidate-survives-ambush
- Philippine News Agencyhttps://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1243815
- MindaNewshttps://mindanews.com/top-stories/2025/02/maguindanao-vice-mayor-wounded-in-shooting-incident/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/03/02/2425195/mayoral-bets-convoy-ambushed-2-killed
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/940577/husband-of-election-officer-killed-in-maguindanao-del-norte-town-ambush/story/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/4/4/comelec-places-datu-odin-sinsuat-under-its-control-ahead-of-elections-1901
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/4/7/kapitan-at-sangguniang-bayan-candidate-patay-sa-barilan-sa-kampanya-sa-abra-2217
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/4/10/kerwin-espinosa-wounded-in-shooting-incident-in-leyte-1832
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/942535/authorities-probe-alleged-bombing-try-at-albuera-mayoral-bet-s-hq/story/
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/436371/maguindanao-del-sur-reelectionist-board-member-survives-ambush/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/4/15/buluan-maguindanao-del-sur-placed-under-comelec-control-1344
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/4/23/grenade-attack-in-maguindanao-del-sur-town-connected-to-politics-comelec-1422
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/4/22/1-killed-1-injured-in-abra-campaign-sortie-1806
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/437996/sniper-may-have-shot-dead-cagayan-town-mayor-pnp/
- Bombo Radyohttps://cauayan.bomboradyo.com/suspek-sa-pananambang-sa-tatlong-katao-kabilang-ang-isang-sangguniang-bayan-member-candidate-naaresto-na-ng-pulisya/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/balitambayan/balita/944259/partylist-nominee-patay-sa-pamamaril-sa-sampaloc-manila/story/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/balitambayan/promdi/944484/barangay-coordinator-ng-isang-kandidato-patay-sa-pamamaril-ng-riding-in-tandem-sa-cebu/story/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/explosion-maguindanao-del-sur-vice-governor-candidate-may-4-2025/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/6/fake-comelec-men-blocked-from-inspecting-counting-machines-in-laguna-0857
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/clash-disrupts-vote-machine-testing-alicia-zamboanga-sibugay/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/8/protesters-face-probe-in-smoke-grenade-blast-in-laguna-capitol-2018
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/regionaltv/news/107993/2-dead-10-hurt-in-stampede-in-zamboanga-city/story/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/11/2442301/2-dead-barmm-election-related-gunfights-7-gunmen-detained
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/945783/4-killed-in-encounter-of-supporters-of-mayoral-candidates-in-basilan/story/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/945828/4-wounded-in-cotabato-city-shooting-as-rival-camps-clash/story/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2025/05/11/2442267/11-nabbed-smuggling-over-p441m-cash-mcia
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/12/riot-sumiklab-sa-araw-ng-halalan2025-sa-marawi-city-1017
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/visayas/silay-negros-occidental-basilan-shootings-election-day/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/12/2-injured-after-gunshots-heard-near-polling-center-in-abra-town-police-1415
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/12/one-killed-1-injured-in-suspected-poll-related-violence-in-zamboanga-del-sur-1342
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/5/12/voters-swarm-datu-odin-sinsuat-municipal-hall-delay-start-of-voting-1148
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/12/2442577/candidate-brother-killed-lanao-del-sur-ambush
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/12/2442614/seaborne-cops-kill-3-followers-candidate-basilan-encounter
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/12/2442565/poll-watchers-video-shading-seniors-sacked-face-raps
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/balitambayan/promdi/946127/mahigit-50-botante-inatake-ng-mga-bubuyog-sa-bacolod-city/story/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/mindanao/gunman-kills-thong-asim-datu-piang-maguindanao-del-sur/
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/937690/comelec-files-cybercrime-complaint-vs-isabela-vice-mayoral-bet/story/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/regions/2025/6/2/comelec-division-oks-proclamation-of-isabela-town-vice-mayor-1242
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/435899/top-bastos-now-in-the-hague-misogyny-now-passe-bets-told/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/comelec-2nd-division-disqualifies-pasig-congressional-bet-ian-sia-sexist-remarks/
- Philippine Center for Investigative Journalismhttps://pcij.org/2025/09/18/marcos-and-duterte-contractors/
- Philippine Center for Investigative Journalismhttps://pcij.org/2025/07/03/top-spender-camille-villar-lito-lapid-pia-cayetano-2025-senate-race/
- Manila Bulletinhttps://mb.com.ph/2025/05/14/vote-buying-in-ph-is-endemic-well-entrenchedeu-observer
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/944371/comelec-eleksyon-2025-vote-buying-asr/story/
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/comelec-orders-camille-villar-explain-alleged-vote-buying-cavite-activity/
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/438310/comelec-issues-74-show-cause-orders-for-vote-buying-abuse-of-resources/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2025/05/12/2442559/davao-city-polling-sites-deny-entry-ppcrv-volunteers-comelec-intervenes
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/12/2442575/machine-errors-secrecy-lapses-long-waits-hound-voters-midterm-polls-first-half
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/12/2442616/voting-ends-2025-midterm-polls-amid-complaints-overvoting-machine-glitches
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/12/2442625/311-voting-machines-replaced-election-day-says-comelec
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/12/2442613/vote-doesnt-match-receipt-comelec-says-voters-may-have-forgotten-choices
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/442615/acm-glitches-overvoting-top-election-day-woes/?utm_medium=gallery&utm_source=(direct)
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/430735/misinformation-disinformation-can-make-or-break-2025-polls-comelec-chief/
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/945772/bayan-muna-complaint-vs-fake-news-comelec-partylist-not-disqualified/story/
- Tips & Guideshttps://primer.com.ph/tips-guides/2016/04/02/expats-guide-to-philippine-national-elections/
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-42390920090911
- Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacifichttps://academic.oup.com/book/36353
- COMELEChttps://comelec.gov.ph/?r=AboutCOMELEC
- lawphil.nethttps://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/feb2021/pet_005_2021.html
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1946301/list-comelec-releases-2025-elections-schedule
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/655484/gov-t-top-labor-contractor-with-720k-contractuals-state-workers-union/story/
- "SC: PAGCOR Job Order Workers Not Government Employees – Supreme Court of the Philippines"https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-pagcor-job-order-workers-not-government-employees
- GMA Integrated Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/906091/pfp-lakas-cmd-alliance-common-senate-bets-2025-polls/story/
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/pdp-without-laban-endorsement-go-dela-rosa-tolentino-2025-senatorial-race/
- RAPPLERhttps://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/opposition-bares-partial-senate-slate-2025/
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/04/28/2262246/opposition-expand-2025-polls
- Daily Tribunehttps://tribune.net.ph/2024/06/27/makabayan-bloc-mulls-12-strong-senate-slate-in-2025-polls
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/431546/dominant-majority-minority-parties-for-may-12-polls-named/
- "Comelec denies EU observers' plea to enter polling places on Eleksyon 2025"https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/945422/comelec-denies-european-union-observers-plea-polling-places-eleksyon-2025/story/
- "Number of Elective Positions to be Voted for National and Local Elections May 12, 2025"https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2025NLE/Statistics/12202024_NumberOfSeatsToBeVoted2025NLE.pdf
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/nation/2024/06/22/2364617/18271-posts-grabs-2025-polls
- House of Representatives of the Philippineshttps://web.archive.org/web/20130823205605/http://congress.gov.ph/about/?about=mandate
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/443901/comelec-logs-highest-ever-midterm-polls-voter-turnout/
- Philippine News Agencyhttps://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php/articles/1249955
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/442748/ppcrv-seeks-transparency-on-poll-transmission-duplicates/
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/442973/ppcrv-gains-access-to-98-of-votes-transmitted-singson/
- Philstar.comhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/14/2442922/comelec-no-delay-discrepancies-transmission-poll-results
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/442832/fwd-comelec-begins-canvassing-of-votes-for-natl-candidates-in-2025-polls/
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/443741/comelec-on-track-for-fastest-canvass-ever-with-16-cocs-left-spox/
- The Manila Timeshttps://www.manilatimes.net/2025/05/15/news/comelec-completes-canvassing-of-votes-for-senator/2114682
- INQUIRER.nethttps://opinion.inquirer.net/183221/the-four-horsemen-of-the-apocalypse
- Rapplerhttps://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/comelec-proclamation-new-senators-2025/
- Inquirer.nethttps://www.inquirer.net/443255/lakas-cmd-still-dominant-house-party-with-104-bets-winning/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2060989/acidre-100-of-115-house-lawmakers-who-signed-impeach-raps-reelected
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/946356/akbayan-tops-party-list-race-election-2025/story/
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/5/19/proclamation-of-duterte-youth-bagong-henerasyon-party-lists-suspended-1611
- ABS-CBNhttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/6/6/bagong-henerasyon-party-list-proclaimed-after-junking-of-dq-case-1154
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2108867/gabriela-to-get-64th-party-list-seat-in-house-says-comelec
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2118747/comelec-proclaims-3-party-lists-to-replace-duterte-youth-at-the-house
- Philippine Daily Inquirerhttps://www.inquirer.net/454024/comelec-en-banc-upholds-ruling-cancelling-duterte-youths-registration/
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2060372/roque-marcos-a-lame-duck-palace-come-home-asap-and-face-us
- The Manila Timeshttps://www.manilatimes.net/2025/05/19/news/marcos-willing-to-reconcile-with-dutertes/2116291
- GMA News Onlinehttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/946902/bong-go-rodrigo-duterte-bongbong-marcos/story/
- ABS-CBN Newshttps://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/5/21/palace-marcos-jr-won-t-bend-law-for-political-reconciliation-1349
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2062350/fwd-break-marcos-on-courtesy-resignation-of-all-cabinet-secretaries
- INQUIRER.nethttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2063079/marcos-keeps-economic-team-replaces-2-cabinet-members
- Manila Bulletinhttps://mb.com.ph/2025/05/19/tabla-lang-tiangco-says-alyansa-duterten-fought-to-a-draw-in-polls
- The Philippine Starhttps://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/16/2443459/tiangco-blames-sara-impeachment-dismal-alyansa-poll-numbers
- GMA Newshttps://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/946501/blaming-sara-s-impeachment-for-alyansa-loss-in-mindanao-misleading-barbers/story/