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2025 German federal election

Updated: Wikipedia source

2025 German federal election

A federal election was held in Germany on 23 February 2025 to elect the 630 members of the 21st Bundestag, down from 736 in 2021 due to reforms in seat distribution. The 2025 election took place seven months ahead of schedule due to the 2024 collapse of the Scholz governing coalition. Following the loss of his majority, the chancellor called and intentionally lost a motion of confidence, which enabled the approval of a new election by the president. The 2025 election was the fourth snap election in post-war German history, and the first since 2005. Three opposition parties increased their votes in the election, compared with the previous federal election in 2021. The conservative CDU/CSU alliance became the largest group in the Bundestag, with 28.5% of votes. Although this result was well below the 41.5% vote Angela Merkel had achieved in 2013 and its second to worst since 1949, it positioned them to lead the new government. The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) with 20.8% doubled its share and achieved its best result in nation-wide German elections, moving into second place, without any other party willing to work with them. The socialist Left party, polling well under 5% until January 2025, massively improved within a few weeks to 9%. On the other hand, the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), a populist splinter from the Left, fell in the polls, and at 4.98% narrowly failed to enter the Bundestag. The three parties of the formerly governing "Traffic light coalition" all lost support. The centre-left Social Democratic Party (SPD) lost over nine percentage points and dropped to third rank with just 16.4%, their worst result since 1887. Their remaining junior partner, The Greens, also declined from 15% to 12%, still their second best ever result. The Free Democratic Party (FDP), whose departure from the government precipitated the election, recorded their worst historical result with 4.3%, and lost all representation in the Bundestag, as had previously happened in 2013. The South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW), which as a party representing the Danish minority in Schleswig-Holstein is exempt from the 5% threshold, retained their single seat with 76,138 total votes (0.15%). Voter turnout was 82.5%, a six percentage point increase from 2021, and the highest since German reunification. On 9 April 2025, the CDU/CSU and SPD secured a ruling coalition agreement. The German parliament elected Friedrich Merz as chancellor on 6 May 2025. Earlier the same day, Merz failed to be confirmed chancellor in the first round of voting, thus requiring a second round—a situation unprecedented in Germany's postwar history.

Infobox

Registered
60,510,631
Turnout
82.5% ( 6.2 pp)
Candidate
Sahra Wagenknecht
Party
BSW
Last election
Did not exist
Seats before
10[e]
Seats won
0
Seat change
New party
Popular vote
2,472,947
Percentage
4.98%
Swing
New party

Tables

· Political parties and candidates
2021 election
2021 election
Parties
2021 election
Parties
At dissolution
1 / 733
1 / 733
Parties
1 / 733
Parties
Governing coalition
Parties
Leader(s)
Leading candidate(s)
Ideology
Seats
Status
2021 election
At dissolution
Social Democratic Party of GermanySozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
Saskia EskenLars Klingbeil
Olaf Scholz
Social democracy
206 / 736
207 / 733
Governing coalition
CDU/CSU
Christian Democratic Union of GermanyChristlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands
Friedrich Merz
Friedrich Merz
Christian democracy
152 / 736
153 / 733
Opposition
Christian Social Union in BavariaChristlich-Soziale Union in Bayern
Markus Söder
Christian democracyBavarian regionalism
45 / 736
43 / 733
Alliance 90/The GreensBündnis 90/Die Grünen
Franziska BrantnerFelix Banaszak
Robert Habeck
Green politics
118 / 736
117 / 733
Governing coalition
Free Democratic PartyFreie Demokratische Partei
Christian Lindner
Christian Lindner
Liberalism
92 / 736
90 / 733
Opposition. Previously in coalition
Alternative for GermanyAlternative für Deutschland
Alice WeidelTino Chrupalla
Alice Weidel
German Conservatism
83 / 736
76 / 733
Opposition
The LeftDie Linke
Ines SchwerdtnerJan van Aken
Heidi ReichinnekJan van Aken
Democratic socialism
39 / 736
28 / 733
Sahra Wagenknecht AllianceBündnis Sahra Wagenknecht
Sahra WagenknechtAmira Mohamed Ali
Sahra Wagenknecht
Left-wing populismCultural conservatism
0 / 736
10 / 733
Ungrouped
South Schleswig Voters' AssociationSüdschleswigscher Wählerverband
Christian Dirschauer
Stefan Seidler
Danish minority interestsFrisian minority interests
1 / 736
1 / 733
Alliance GermanyBündnis Deutschland
Steffen Grosse
—
Conservatism Liberal conservatism
0 / 736
1 / 733
Values UnionWerteUnion
Hans-Georg Maaßen
—
Economic liberalismRight-wing populism
0 / 736
1 / 733
Independent
—
—
—
0 / 736
5 / 733
1 / 733
Governing coalition
· Political parties and candidates › Competing parties
BW
BW
Party
BW
Party
BY
State
BE
State
BB
State
HB
State
HH
State
HE
State
MV
State
NI
State
NW
State
RP
State
SL
State
SN
State
ST
State
SH
State
TH
1
1
Party
1
Party
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
State
38
State
47
State
12
State
10
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
30
State
64
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
2
2
Party
2
Party
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)
State
38
State
–
State
12
State
10
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
30
State
64
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
3
3
Party
3
Party
Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)
State
37
State
47
State
12
State
8
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
30
State
64
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
4
4
Party
4
Party
Free Democratic Party (FDP)
State
38
State
47
State
12
State
10
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
30
State
64
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
5
5
Party
5
Party
Alternative for Germany (AfD)
State
38
State
45
State
12
State
10
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
30
State
62
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
6
6
Party
6
Party
Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU)
State
–
State
47
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
7
7
Party
7
Party
The Left (Die Linke)
State
38
State
47
State
12
State
10
State
2
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
29
State
63
State
15
State
4
State
16
State
8
State
11
State
8
8
8
Party
8
Party
Free Voters (FREIE WÄHLER)
State
37
State
47
State
7
State
10
State
1
State
6
State
22
State
6
State
26
State
47
State
15
State
4
State
14
State
8
State
11
State
7
9
9
Party
9
Party
Human Environment Animal Protection Party (Tierschutzpartei)
State
4
State
11
State
5
State
mw- Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
1
State
1
State
2
State
–
State
3
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
10
10
Party
10
Party
Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany (dieBasis)
State
10
State
12
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
3
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
11
11
Party
11
Party
Die PARTEI (Die PARTEI)
State
11
State
6
State
4
State
5
State
1
State
–
State
4
State
–
State
3
State
12
State
1
State
–
State
6
State
2
State
1
State
–
12
12
Party
12
Party
Team Todenhöfer (Team Todenhöfer)
State
Rej.
State
–
State
2
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
4
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
13
13
Party
13
Party
Pirate Party Germany (PIRATEN)
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
3
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
Rej.
14
14
Party
14
Party
Volt Germany (Volt)
State
29
State
35
State
–
State
5
State
2
State
3
State
19
State
–
State
21
State
32
State
13
State
–
State
5
State
–
State
11
State
–
15
15
Party
15
Party
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP)
State
2
State
30
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
4
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
16
16
Party
16
Party
South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW)
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
5
State
–
17
17
Party
17
Party
Party for Rejuvenation Research (Verjüngungsforschung)
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
18
18
Party
18
Party
Party of Humanists (PdH)
State
Rej.
State
2
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
3
State
–
State
–
State
–
19
19
Party
19
Party
Alliance C – Christians for Germany (Bündnis C)
State
1
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
20
20
Party
20
Party
Bavaria Party (BP)
State
–
State
6
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
21
21
Party
21
Party
Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD)
State
15
State
4
State
5
State
–
State
2
State
5
State
6
State
2
State
5
State
16
State
–
State
1
State
3
State
2
State
1
State
6
22
22
Party
22
Party
Human World (Menschliche Welt)
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
23
23
Party
23
Party
Party of Progress (PdF)
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
2
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
24
24
Party
24
Party
Socialist Equality Party (SGP)
State
–
State
–
State
1
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
25
25
Party
25
Party
Civil Rights Movement Solidarity (BüSo)
State
–
State
–
State
4
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
26
26
Party
26
Party
Alliance Germany (BÜNDNIS DEUTSCHLAND)
State
5
State
12
State
11
State
2
State
2
State
–
State
4
State
3
State
5
State
15
State
5
State
–
State
11
State
4
State
4
State
–
27
27
Party
27
Party
Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW)
State
–
State
5
State
4
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
1
State
10
State
–
State
7
State
–
State
–
State
8
28
28
Party
28
Party
MERA25 (MERA25)
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
1
State
Rej.
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
29
29
Party
29
Party
Values Union (WerteUnion)
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
Rej.
State
Rej.
State
5
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
State
–
Non-party candidates
Non-party candidates
Party
Non-party candidates
Party
5
State
8
State
4
State
4
State
1
State
–
State
5
State
2
State
7
State
10
State
1
State
–
State
3
State
4
State
3
State
5
Party
State
BW
BY
BE
BB
HB
HH
HE
MV
NI
NW
RP
SL
SN
ST
SH
TH
1
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
38
47
12
10
2
6
22
6
30
64
15
4
16
8
11
8
2
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)
38
–
12
10
2
6
22
6
30
64
15
4
16
8
11
8
3
Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)
37
47
12
8
2
6
22
6
30
64
15
4
16
8
11
8
4
Free Democratic Party (FDP)
38
47
12
10
2
6
22
6
30
64
15
4
16
8
11
8
5
Alternative for Germany (AfD)
38
45
12
10
2
6
22
6
30
62
15
4
16
8
11
8
6
Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU)
–
47
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
The Left (Die Linke)
38
47
12
10
2
6
22
6
29
63
15
4
16
8
11
8
8
Free Voters (FREIE WÄHLER)
37
47
7
10
1
6
22
6
26
47
15
4
14
8
11
7
9
Human Environment Animal Protection Party (Tierschutzpartei)
4
11
5
mw- Rej.
–
–
1
1
2
–
3
–
–
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
10
Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany (dieBasis)
10
12
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
–
Rej.
Rej.
–
3
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
–
11
Die PARTEI (Die PARTEI)
11
6
4
5
1
–
4
–
3
12
1
–
6
2
1
–
12
Team Todenhöfer (Team Todenhöfer)
Rej.
–
2
–
–
–
Rej.
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
Pirate Party Germany (PIRATEN)
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
–
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
Rej.
3
Rej.
–
–
–
Rej.
–
Rej.
14
Volt Germany (Volt)
29
35
–
5
2
3
19
–
21
32
13
–
5
–
11
–
15
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP)
2
30
Rej.
–
–
–
Rej.
–
–
Rej.
4
Rej.
Rej.
–
–
Rej.
16
South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
17
Party for Rejuvenation Research (Verjüngungsforschung)
–
Rej.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18
Party of Humanists (PdH)
Rej.
2
Rej.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Rej.
Rej.
–
3
–
–
–
19
Alliance C – Christians for Germany (Bündnis C)
1
–
–
–
–
–
Rej.
–
–
Rej.
–
–
Rej.
–
–
–
20
Bavaria Party (BP)
–
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21
Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD)
15
4
5
–
2
5
6
2
5
16
–
1
3
2
1
6
22
Human World (Menschliche Welt)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
Party of Progress (PdF)
Rej.
–
–
Rej.
Rej.
–
–
–
Rej.
2
Rej.
–
–
–
–
Rej.
24
Socialist Equality Party (SGP)
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
Civil Rights Movement Solidarity (BüSo)
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26
Alliance Germany (BÜNDNIS DEUTSCHLAND)
5
12
11
2
2
–
4
3
5
15
5
–
11
4
4
–
27
Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW)
–
5
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
10
–
7
–
–
8
28
MERA25 (MERA25)
Rej.
Rej.
1
Rej.
–
Rej.
Rej.
–
Rej.
–
–
–
Rej.
–
–
–
29
Values Union (WerteUnion)
–
Rej.
Rej.
–
–
–
–
Rej.
Rej.
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
Non-party candidates
5
8
4
4
1
–
5
2
7
10
1
–
3
4
3
5
· Campaign › Debates and interviews
Date
Date
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Date
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Broadcasters
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
P  Present   S  Surrogate   I  Invited   NI  Not invited   N  Not present
CDU
CDU
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
CDU
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SPD
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Greens
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
AfD
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
FDP
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Left
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
CSU
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
BSW
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
FW
28 January 2025
28 January 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
28 January 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ZDFnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PFrei
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PKlingbeil
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PBaerbock
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLindner
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Pvan Aken
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PDobrindt
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWagenknecht
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
6 February 2025
6 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
6 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ZDFnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PBanaszak
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SChrupalla
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLindner
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Pvan Aken
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PDobrindt
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWagenknecht
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
9 February 2025
9 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
9 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ARD, ZDFnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
10 February 2025
10 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
10 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ARDnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLindner
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Pvan Aken
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PBär
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWagenknecht
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
12 February 2025
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
BRregional-public (Bavaria)
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PProtschka
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PGürpinar
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PErnst
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PAiwanger
12 February 2025
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
MDRregional-public (Central Germany)
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMüller
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PSchneider
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLemke
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PChrupalla
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PHerbst
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PRamelow
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLüders
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
12 February 2025
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
12 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SWRregional-public (Southwest Germany)
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWarken
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PSchmid
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PBrantner
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PFrohnmaier
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PSkudelny
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMirow
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PTatti
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
13 February 2025
13 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
13 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ZDFnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PHabeck
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
16 February 2025
16 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
16 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
RTL, n-tvnational-commercial
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PHabeck
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
17 February 2025
17 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
17 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ARDnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PHabeck
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
19 February 2025
19 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
19 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Weltnational-commercial
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
20 February 2025
20 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
20 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
ARD, ZDFnational-public
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SLinnemann
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SMiersch
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
SBaerbock
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PLindner
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Pvan Aken
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PDobrindt
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWagenknecht
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
22 February 2025
22 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
22 February 2025
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Sat.1, ProSiebennational-commercial
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NMerz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PScholz
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PHabeck
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
PWeidel
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
NI
2025 German federal election debates and interviews
Date
Broadcasters
P Present S Surrogate I Invited NI Not invited N Not present
CDU
SPD
Greens
AfD
FDP
Left
CSU
BSW
FW
28 January 2025
ZDFnational-public
PFrei
PKlingbeil
PBaerbock
PWeidel
PLindner
Pvan Aken
PDobrindt
PWagenknecht
NI
6 February 2025
ZDFnational-public
NI
NI
PBanaszak
SChrupalla
PLindner
Pvan Aken
PDobrindt
PWagenknecht
NI
9 February 2025
ARD, ZDFnational-public
PMerz
PScholz
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
10 February 2025
ARDnational-public
NI
NI
NI
NI
PLindner
Pvan Aken
PBär
PWagenknecht
NI
12 February 2025
BRregional-public (Bavaria)
NI
NI
NI
PProtschka
NI
PGürpinar
NI
PErnst
PAiwanger
12 February 2025
MDRregional-public (Central Germany)
PMüller
PSchneider
PLemke
PChrupalla
PHerbst
PRamelow
NI
PLüders
NI
12 February 2025
SWRregional-public (Southwest Germany)
PWarken
PSchmid
PBrantner
PFrohnmaier
PSkudelny
PMirow
NI
PTatti
NI
13 February 2025
ZDFnational-public
PMerz
PScholz
PHabeck
PWeidel
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
16 February 2025
RTL, n-tvnational-commercial
PMerz
PScholz
PHabeck
PWeidel
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
17 February 2025
ARDnational-public
PMerz
PScholz
PHabeck
PWeidel
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
19 February 2025
Weltnational-commercial
PMerz
PScholz
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
20 February 2025
ARD, ZDFnational-public
SLinnemann
SMiersch
SBaerbock
PWeidel
PLindner
Pvan Aken
PDobrindt
PWagenknecht
NI
22 February 2025
Sat.1, ProSiebennational-commercial
NMerz
PScholz
PHabeck
PWeidel
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
Seats targeted by The Left · Campaign › Target seats
1
1
Rank
1
Constituency
Berlin-Treptow – Köpenick
Candidate
Gregor Gysi
Winning party 2021
Left
Swing required
19.99%
Winning party 2025
Left
Lead
21.30%
2
2
Rank
2
Constituency
Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II
Candidate
Bodo Ramelow
Winning party 2021
SPD
Swing required
8.02%
Winning party 2025
Left
Lead
10.17%
3
3
Rank
3
Constituency
Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II
Candidate
Dietmar Bartsch
Winning party 2021
SPD
Swing required
8.72%
Winning party 2025
AfD
Lead
1.20%
Rank
Constituency
Candidate
Winning party 2021
Swing required
Winning party 2025
Lead
1
Berlin-Treptow – Köpenick
Gregor Gysi
Left
19.99%
Left
21.30%
2
Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II
Bodo Ramelow
SPD
8.02%
Left
10.17%
3
Rostock – Landkreis Rostock II
Dietmar Bartsch
SPD
8.72%
AfD
1.20%
Seats targeted by the Free Voters · Campaign › Target seats
1
1
Rank
1
Constituency
Rottal-Inn
Candidate
Hubert Aiwanger
Winning party 2021
CSU
Swing required
18.37%
Winning party 2025
CSU
Lead
11.91%
2
2
Rank
2
Constituency
Oberallgäu
Candidate
Indra Baier-Müller
Winning party 2021
CSU
Swing required
20.75%
Winning party 2025
CSU
Lead
28.19%
3
3
Rank
3
Constituency
Augsburg-Stadt
Candidate
Michael Wörle
Winning party 2021
CSU
Swing required
23.79%
Winning party 2025
CSU
Lead
27.35%
4
4
Rank
4
Constituency
Landshut
Candidate
Peter Dreier
Winning party 2021
CSU
Swing required
26.09%
Winning party 2025
CSU
Lead
13.92%
Rank
Constituency
Candidate
Winning party 2021
Swing required
Winning party 2025
Lead
1
Rottal-Inn
Hubert Aiwanger
CSU
18.37%
CSU
11.91%
2
Oberallgäu
Indra Baier-Müller
CSU
20.75%
CSU
28.19%
3
Augsburg-Stadt
Michael Wörle
CSU
23.79%
CSU
27.35%
4
Landshut
Peter Dreier
CSU
26.09%
CSU
13.92%
· Members of the Bundestag standing down
Andreas Rimkus
Andreas Rimkus
Name
Andreas Rimkus
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Düsseldorf II
Member since
2013
Peter Ramsauer
Peter Ramsauer
Name
Peter Ramsauer
Party
CSU
State
Bavaria
Constituency
Traunstein
Member since
1990
Renate Künast
Renate Künast
Name
Renate Künast
Party
Green
State
Berlin
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2002
Niels Annen
Niels Annen
Name
Niels Annen
Party
SPD
State
Hamburg
Constituency
Hamburg-Eimsbüttel
Member since
2005
Sarah Ryglewski
Sarah Ryglewski
Name
Sarah Ryglewski
Party
SPD
State
Bremen
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Annette Widmann-Mauz
Annette Widmann-Mauz
Name
Annette Widmann-Mauz
Party
CDU
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
Tübingen
Member since
1998
Yvonne Magwas
Yvonne Magwas
Name
Yvonne Magwas
Party
CDU
State
Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Nadine Schön
Nadine Schön
Name
Nadine Schön
Party
CDU
State
Saarland
Constituency
St. Wendel
Member since
2009
Michelle Müntefering
Michelle Müntefering
Name
Michelle Müntefering
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Herne – Bochum II
Member since
2013
Markus Grübel
Markus Grübel
Name
Markus Grübel
Party
CDU
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
Esslingen
Member since
2002
Andreas Scheuer
Andreas Scheuer
Name
Andreas Scheuer
Party
CSU
State
Bavaria
Constituency
Passau
Member since
2002
Kai Gehring
Kai Gehring
Name
Kai Gehring
Party
Green
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2005
Sönke Rix
Sönke Rix
Name
Sönke Rix
Party
SPD
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2005
Manuela Rottmann
Manuela Rottmann
Name
Manuela Rottmann
Party
Green
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Volkmar Klein
Volkmar Klein
Name
Volkmar Klein
Party
CDU
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Siegen-Wittgenstein
Member since
2009
Paul Lehrieder
Paul Lehrieder
Name
Paul Lehrieder
Party
CSU
State
Bavaria
Constituency
Würzburg
Member since
2005
Katrin Budde
Katrin Budde
Name
Katrin Budde
Party
SPD
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Dietmar Nietan
Dietmar Nietan
Name
Dietmar Nietan
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2005
Michael Gerdes
Michael Gerdes
Name
Michael Gerdes
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Tabea Rößner
Tabea Rößner
Name
Tabea Rößner
Party
Green
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Kordula Schulz-Asche
Kordula Schulz-Asche
Name
Kordula Schulz-Asche
Party
Green
State
Hesse
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Erwin Rüddel
Erwin Rüddel
Name
Erwin Rüddel
Party
CDU
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Heike Baehrens
Heike Baehrens
Name
Heike Baehrens
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Michael Roth
Michael Roth
Name
Michael Roth
Party
SPD
State
Hesse
Constituency
Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Member since
1998
Thomas Hitschler
Thomas Hitschler
Name
Thomas Hitschler
Party
SPD
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
Südpfalz
Member since
2013
Astrid Damerow
Astrid Damerow
Name
Astrid Damerow
Party
CDU
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Tobias Lindner
Tobias Lindner
Name
Tobias Lindner
Party
Green
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2011
Martin Rosemann
Martin Rosemann
Name
Martin Rosemann
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Sven-Christian Kindler
Sven-Christian Kindler
Name
Sven-Christian Kindler
Party
Green
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Oliver Grundmann
Oliver Grundmann
Name
Oliver Grundmann
Party
CDU
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus
Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus
Name
Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus
Party
FDP
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Maria Klein-Schmeink
Maria Klein-Schmeink
Name
Maria Klein-Schmeink
Party
Green
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Münster
Member since
2009
Dagmar Andres
Dagmar Andres
Name
Dagmar Andres
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Euskirchen – Rhein-Erft-Kreis II
Member since
2021
Michael Grosse-Brömer
Michael Grosse-Brömer
Name
Michael Grosse-Brömer
Party
CDU
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
Harburg
Member since
2002
Hermann Gröhe
Hermann Gröhe
Name
Hermann Gröhe
Party
CDU
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Neuss I
Member since
1994
Udo Schiefner
Udo Schiefner
Name
Udo Schiefner
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Max Straubinger
Max Straubinger
Name
Max Straubinger
Party
CSU
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
1994
Bernd Westphal
Bernd Westphal
Name
Bernd Westphal
Party
SPD
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Beate Walter-Rosenheimer
Beate Walter-Rosenheimer
Name
Beate Walter-Rosenheimer
Party
Green
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2012
Marco Wanderwitz
Marco Wanderwitz
Name
Marco Wanderwitz
Party
CDU
State
Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2002
Albrecht Glaser
Albrecht Glaser
Name
Albrecht Glaser
Party
AfD
State
Hesse
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Gesine Lötzsch
Gesine Lötzsch
Name
Gesine Lötzsch
Party
Left
State
Berlin
Constituency
Berlin-Lichtenberg
Member since
2002
Petra Pau
Petra Pau
Name
Petra Pau
Party
Left
State
Berlin
Constituency
N/A
Member since
1998
Karamba Diaby
Karamba Diaby
Name
Karamba Diaby
Party
SPD
State
Halle
Constituency
Halle
Member since
2013
Kevin Kühnert
Kevin Kühnert
Name
Kevin Kühnert
Party
SPD
State
Berlin
Constituency
Berlin-Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Member since
2021
Tessa Ganserer
Tessa Ganserer
Name
Tessa Ganserer
Party
Green
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Cem Özdemir
Cem Özdemir
Name
Cem Özdemir
Party
Green
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
Stuttgart I
Member since
1994
Volker Wissing
Volker Wissing
Name
Volker Wissing
Party
Ind.
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Susanne Hennig-Wellsow
Susanne Hennig-Wellsow
Name
Susanne Hennig-Wellsow
Party
Left
State
Thuringia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Bernd Riexinger
Bernd Riexinger
Name
Bernd Riexinger
Party
Left
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Helge Braun
Helge Braun
Name
Helge Braun
Party
CDU
State
Hesse
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Monika Grütters
Monika Grütters
Name
Monika Grütters
Party
CDU
State
Berlin
Constituency
Berlin-Reinickendorf
Member since
2021
Ekin Deligöz
Ekin Deligöz
Name
Ekin Deligöz
Party
Green
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
1998
Katja Keul
Katja Keul
Name
Katja Keul
Party
Green
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
Name
Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
Party
Green
State
Hesse
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Stefan Wenzel
Stefan Wenzel
Name
Stefan Wenzel
Party
Green
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Mario Brandenburg
Mario Brandenburg
Name
Mario Brandenburg
Party
FDP
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Canan Bayram
Canan Bayram
Name
Canan Bayram
Party
Green
State
Berlin
Constituency
Berlin-Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg East
Member since
2017
Frank Bsirske
Frank Bsirske
Name
Frank Bsirske
Party
Green
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Susanne Menge
Susanne Menge
Name
Susanne Menge
Party
Green
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Markus Kurth
Markus Kurth
Name
Markus Kurth
Party
Green
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Ingrid Nestle
Ingrid Nestle
Name
Ingrid Nestle
Party
Green
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Victor Perli
Victor Perli
Name
Victor Perli
Party
Left
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Martina Renner
Martina Renner
Name
Martina Renner
Party
Left
State
Thuringia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Manfred Grund
Manfred Grund
Name
Manfred Grund
Party
CDU
State
Thuringia
Constituency
Eichsfeld – Nordhausen – Kyffhäuserkreis
Member since
1994
Enak Ferlemann
Enak Ferlemann
Name
Enak Ferlemann
Party
CDU
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
Cuxhaven – Stade II
Member since
2002
Axel Schäfer
Axel Schäfer
Name
Axel Schäfer
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Bochum I
Member since
2002
Sabine Weiss
Sabine Weiss
Name
Sabine Weiss
Party
CDU
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Wesel I
Member since
2005
Jens Koeppen
Jens Koeppen
Name
Jens Koeppen
Party
CDU
State
Brandenburg
Constituency
Uckermark – Barnim I
Member since
2005
Jan Korte
Jan Korte
Name
Jan Korte
Party
Left
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2005
Josip Juratovic
Josip Juratovic
Name
Josip Juratovic
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
Heilbronn
Member since
2005
Matthias Birkwald
Matthias Birkwald
Name
Matthias Birkwald
Party
Left
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Beate Müller-Gemmeke
Beate Müller-Gemmeke
Name
Beate Müller-Gemmeke
Party
Green
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Cornelia Möhring
Cornelia Möhring
Name
Cornelia Möhring
Party
Left
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Heike Brehmer
Heike Brehmer
Name
Heike Brehmer
Party
CDU
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Constituency
Harz
Member since
2009
Thomas Lutze
Thomas Lutze
Name
Thomas Lutze
Party
SPD
State
Saarland
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2009
Ingo Gädechens
Ingo Gädechens
Name
Ingo Gädechens
Party
CDU
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord
Member since
2009
Josef Rief
Josef Rief
Name
Josef Rief
Party
CDU
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
Biberach
Member since
2009
Edgar Franke
Edgar Franke
Name
Edgar Franke
Party
SPD
State
Hesse
Constituency
Schwalm-Eder
Member since
2009
Wolfgang Hellmich
Wolfgang Hellmich
Name
Wolfgang Hellmich
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Ingrid Pahlmann
Ingrid Pahlmann
Name
Ingrid Pahlmann
Party
CDU
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Bernhard Daldrup
Bernhard Daldrup
Name
Bernhard Daldrup
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Claudia Tausend
Claudia Tausend
Name
Claudia Tausend
Party
SPD
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Gabriele Katzmarek
Gabriele Katzmarek
Name
Gabriele Katzmarek
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Bettina Müller
Bettina Müller
Name
Bettina Müller
Party
SPD
State
Rhineland-Pfalz
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Martin Rosemann
Martin Rosemann
Name
Martin Rosemann
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Katja Leikert
Katja Leikert
Name
Katja Leikert
Party
CDU
State
Hesse
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Erich Irlstorfer
Erich Irlstorfer
Name
Erich Irlstorfer
Party
CSU
State
Bavaria
Constituency
Freising
Member since
2013
Achim Post
Achim Post
Name
Achim Post
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2013
Susanne Mittag
Susanne Mittag
Name
Susanne Mittag
Party
SPD
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land
Member since
2013
Manfred Todtenhausen
Manfred Todtenhausen
Name
Manfred Todtenhausen
Party
FDP
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Matthias Seestern-Pauly
Matthias Seestern-Pauly
Name
Matthias Seestern-Pauly
Party
FDP
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Olaf in der Beek
Olaf in der Beek
Name
Olaf in der Beek
Party
FDP
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Mathias Stein
Mathias Stein
Name
Mathias Stein
Party
SPD
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Constituency
Kiel
Member since
2017
Christoph Hoffmann
Christoph Hoffmann
Name
Christoph Hoffmann
Party
FDP
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Reinhard Houben
Reinhard Houben
Name
Reinhard Houben
Party
FDP
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Hermann-Josef Tebroke
Hermann-Josef Tebroke
Name
Hermann-Josef Tebroke
Party
CDU
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis
Member since
2017
Katrin Budde
Katrin Budde
Name
Katrin Budde
Party
SPD
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Leni Breymaier
Leni Breymaier
Name
Leni Breymaier
Party
SPD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Susanne Ferschl
Susanne Ferschl
Name
Susanne Ferschl
Party
Left
State
Bavaria
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Barbara Benkstein
Barbara Benkstein
Name
Barbara Benkstein
Party
AfD
State
Thuringia
Constituency
Meissen
Member since
2017
Manuel Gava
Manuel Gava
Name
Manuel Gava
Party
SPD
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
Stadt Osnabrück
Member since
2021
Dirk Spaniel
Dirk Spaniel
Name
Dirk Spaniel
Party
WU
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Volker Münz
Volker Münz
Name
Volker Münz
Party
AfD
State
Baden-Württemberg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2024
Knut Gerschau
Knut Gerschau
Name
Knut Gerschau
Party
FDP
State
Lower Saxony
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Emily Vontz
Emily Vontz
Name
Emily Vontz
Party
SPD
State
Saarland
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2023
Dagmar Andres
Dagmar Andres
Name
Dagmar Andres
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Martin Diedenhofen
Martin Diedenhofen
Name
Martin Diedenhofen
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Jürgen Berghahn
Jürgen Berghahn
Name
Jürgen Berghahn
Party
SPD
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Lippe I
Member since
2021
Anke Domscheit-Berg
Anke Domscheit-Berg
Name
Anke Domscheit-Berg
Party
Left
State
Brandenburg
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2017
Ingo Bodtke
Ingo Bodtke
Name
Ingo Bodtke
Party
FDP
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Constituency
N/A
Member since
2021
Hans-Jürgen Thies
Hans-Jürgen Thies
Name
Hans-Jürgen Thies
Party
CDU
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Constituency
Soest
Member since
2017
Frank Ullrich
Frank Ullrich
Name
Frank Ullrich
Party
SPD
State
Thuringia
Constituency
Suhl – Schmalkalden-Meiningen – Hildburghausen – Sonneberg
Member since
2021
Name
Party
State
Constituency
Member since
Ref.
Andreas Rimkus
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
Düsseldorf II
2013
Peter Ramsauer
CSU
Bavaria
Traunstein
1990
Renate Künast
Green
Berlin
N/A
2002
Niels Annen
SPD
Hamburg
Hamburg-Eimsbüttel
2005
Sarah Ryglewski
SPD
Bremen
N/A
2017
Annette Widmann-Mauz
CDU
Baden-Württemberg
Tübingen
1998
Yvonne Magwas
CDU
Saxony
N/A
2013
Nadine Schön
CDU
Saarland
St. Wendel
2009
Michelle Müntefering
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
Herne – Bochum II
2013
Markus Grübel
CDU
Baden-Württemberg
Esslingen
2002
Andreas Scheuer
CSU
Bavaria
Passau
2002
Kai Gehring
Green
North Rhine-Westphalia
N/A
2005
Sönke Rix
SPD
Schleswig-Holstein
N/A
2005
Manuela Rottmann
Green
Bavaria
N/A
2017
Volkmar Klein
CDU
North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein
2009
Paul Lehrieder
CSU
Bavaria
Würzburg
2005
Katrin Budde
SPD
Saxony-Anhalt
N/A
2017
Dietmar Nietan
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
N/A
2005
Michael Gerdes
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
N/A
2009
Tabea Rößner
Green
Rhineland-Palatinate
N/A
2009
Kordula Schulz-Asche
Green
Hesse
N/A
2017
Erwin Rüddel
CDU
Rhineland-Palatinate
N/A
2009
Heike Baehrens
SPD
Baden-Württemberg
N/A
2013
Michael Roth
SPD
Hesse
Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg
1998
Thomas Hitschler
SPD
Rhineland-Palatinate
Südpfalz
2013
Astrid Damerow
CDU
Schleswig-Holstein
N/A
2017
Tobias Lindner
Green
Rhineland-Palatinate
N/A
2011
Martin Rosemann
SPD
Baden-Württemberg
N/A
2013
Sven-Christian Kindler
Green
Lower Saxony
N/A
2009
Oliver Grundmann
CDU
Lower Saxony
N/A
2013
Christine Aschenberg-Dugnus
FDP
Schleswig-Holstein
N/A
2017
Maria Klein-Schmeink
Green
North Rhine-Westphalia
Münster
2009
Dagmar Andres
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen – Rhein-Erft-Kreis II
2021
Michael Grosse-Brömer
CDU
Lower Saxony
Harburg
2002
Hermann Gröhe
CDU
North Rhine-Westphalia
Neuss I
1994
Udo Schiefner
SPD
North Rhine-Westphalia
N/A
2013
Max Straubinger
CSU
Bavaria
N/A
1994
Bernd Westphal
SPD
Lower Saxony
N/A
2013
Beate Walter-Rosenheimer
Green
Bavaria
N/A
2012
Marco Wanderwitz
CDU
Saxony
N/A
2002
Albrecht Glaser
AfD
Hesse
N/A
2017
Gesine Lötzsch
Left
Berlin
Berlin-Lichtenberg
2002
Petra Pau
Left
Berlin
N/A
1998
Karamba Diaby
SPD
Halle
Halle
2013
Kevin Kühnert
SPD
Berlin
Berlin-Tempelhof-Schöneberg
2021
Tessa Ganserer
Green
Bavaria
N/A
2021
Cem Özdemir
Green
Baden-Württemberg
Stuttgart I
1994
Volker Wissing
Ind.
Rhineland-Palatinate
N/A
2021
Susanne Hennig-Wellsow
Left
Thuringia
N/A
2021
· Turnout
14:00
14:00
Turnout
14:00
Time
18:00
2021
2021
Turnout
2021
Time
2025
Time
±
Time
2021
Time
2025
Time
±
Total
Total
Turnout
Total
Time
36.5%
Time
52.0%
Time
15.5 pp
Time
76.4%
Time
82.5%
Time
6.2 pp
Sources
Sources
Turnout
Sources
Turnout
Time
14:00
18:00
2021
2025
±
2021
2025
±
Total
36.5%
52.0%
15.5 pp
76.4%
82.5%
6.2 pp
Sources
· Results
Party with most list votes in each constituency
Party with most list votes in each constituency
Preliminary results
Party with most list votes in each constituency
Preliminary results
Winning party of the single-member constituencies
Preliminary results
Voter turnout in the constituencies
Parties' performances, second vote
Parties' performances, second vote
Preliminary results
Parties' performances, second vote
Union's vote share
Union's vote share
Preliminary results
Union's vote share
Preliminary results
AfD's vote share
Preliminary results
SPD's vote share
Grüne's vote share
Grüne's vote share
Preliminary results
Grüne's vote share
Preliminary results
Linke's vote share
Preliminary results
BSW's vote share
FDP's vote share
FDP's vote share
Preliminary results
FDP's vote share
Preliminary results
FW's vote share
Preliminary results
Party with most list votes in each constituency
Winning party of the single-member constituencies
Voter turnout in the constituencies
Parties' performances, second vote
Union's vote share
AfD's vote share
SPD's vote share
Grüne's vote share
Linke's vote share
BSW's vote share
FDP's vote share
FW's vote share
· Results
Party
Party
Col 1
Party
Col 2
Party list
Col 3
Constituency
Col 4
Totalseats
Col 5
+/–
Votes
Votes
Col 1
Votes
Col 2
%
Col 3
Seats
Col 4
Votes
Col 5
%
Col 6
Seats
Total
Total
Col 1
Total
Col 2
49,649,512
Col 3
100.00
Col 4
354
Col 5
49,505,389
Col 6
100.00
Col 7
276
Col 8
630
Col 9
–105
Valid votes
Valid votes
Col 1
Valid votes
Col 2
49,649,512
Col 3
99.44
Col 5
49,505,389
Col 6
99.15
Invalid/blank votes
Invalid/blank votes
Col 1
Invalid/blank votes
Col 2
279,141
Col 3
0.56
Col 5
423,264
Col 6
0.85
Total votes
Total votes
Col 1
Total votes
Col 2
49,928,653
Col 3
100.00
Col 5
49,928,653
Col 6
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Registered voters/turnout
Col 1
Registered voters/turnout
Col 2
60,510,631
Col 3
82.51
Col 5
60,510,631
Col 6
82.51
Source: Federal Returning Officer
Source: Federal Returning Officer
Col 1
Source: Federal Returning Officer
Party
Party list
Constituency
Totalseats
+/–
Votes
%
Seats
Votes
%
Seats
Christian Democratic Union
11,196,374
22.55
36
12,604,184
25.46
128
164
+12
Alternative for Germany
10,328,780
20.80
110
10,177,318
20.56
42
152
+69
Social Democratic Party
8,149,124
16.41
76
9,936,433
20.07
44
120
–86
Alliance 90/The Greens
5,762,380
11.61
73
5,443,393
11.00
12
85
–33
The Left
4,356,532
8.77
58
3,933,297
7.95
6
64
+25
Christian Social Union
2,964,028
5.97
0
3,272,064
6.61
44
44
–1
Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance
2,472,947
4.98
0
299,401
0.60
0
0
New
Free Democratic Party
2,148,757
4.33
0
1,622,912
3.28
0
0
–91
Free Voters
769,279
1.55
0
1,254,565
2.53
0
0
0
Human Environment Animal Protection Party
482,201
0.97
0
82,498
0.17
0
0
0
Volt Germany
355,262
0.72
0
391,666
0.79
0
0
0
Die PARTEI
242,741
0.49
0
122,268
0.25
0
0
0
Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany
85,373
0.17
0
41,923
0.08
0
0
0
Bündnis Deutschland
76,372
0.15
0
87,955
0.18
0
0
New
South Schleswig Voters' Association
76,138
0.15
1
58,779
0.12
0
1
0
Ecological Democratic Party
49,764
0.10
0
54,606
0.11
0
0
0
Team Todenhöfer
24,553
0.05
0
9,783
0.02
0
0
0
Party of Progress
21,388
0.04
0
1,282
0.00
0
0
0
Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany
19,551
0.04
0
24,218
0.05
0
0
0
Party of Humanists
14,294
0.03
0
1,871
0.00
0
0
0
Pirate Party Germany
13,800
0.03
0
2,151
0.00
0
0
0
Bavaria Party
12,278
0.02
0
5,763
0.01
0
0
0
Alliance C – Christians for Germany
11,768
0.02
0
2,021
0.00
0
0
0
MERA25
6,994
0.01
0
658
0.00
0
0
New
Values Union
6,736
0.01
0
2,849
0.01
0
0
New
Human World
694
0.00
0
0
0
Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität
676
0.00
0
1,295
0.00
0
0
0
Socialist Equality Party
425
0.00
0
73
0.00
0
0
0
Party for Rejuvenation Research
303
0.00
0
0
0
Independents
70,163
0.14
0
0
0
Total
49,649,512
100.00
354
49,505,389
100.00
276
630
–105
Valid votes
49,649,512
99.44
49,505,389
99.15
Invalid/blank votes
279,141
0.56
423,264
0.85
Total votes
49,928,653
100.00
49,928,653
100.00
Registered voters/turnout
60,510,631
82.51
60,510,631
82.51
Source: Federal Returning Officer
· Results › Results by state
State
State
Party list vote share by state
State
Party list vote share by state
Union
Party list vote share by state
AfD
Party list vote share by state
SPD
Party list vote share by state
Grüne
Party list vote share by state
Linke
Party list vote share by state
BSW
Party list vote share by state
FDP
Party list vote share by state
Others
Party list vote share by state
Turnout
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Party list vote share by state
Baden-Württemberg
Party list vote share by state
31.6
Party list vote share by state
19.8
Party list vote share by state
14.2
Party list vote share by state
13.6
Party list vote share by state
6.8
Party list vote share by state
4.1
Party list vote share by state
5.6
Party list vote share by state
4.3
Party list vote share by state
83.4
Bavaria
Bavaria
Party list vote share by state
Bavaria
Party list vote share by state
37.2
Party list vote share by state
19.0
Party list vote share by state
11.6
Party list vote share by state
12.0
Party list vote share by state
5.7
Party list vote share by state
3.1
Party list vote share by state
4.2
Party list vote share by state
7.2
Party list vote share by state
84.5
Berlin
Berlin
Party list vote share by state
Berlin
Party list vote share by state
18.3
Party list vote share by state
15.2
Party list vote share by state
15.1
Party list vote share by state
16.8
Party list vote share by state
19.9
Party list vote share by state
6.6
Party list vote share by state
3.8
Party list vote share by state
4.2
Party list vote share by state
80.3
Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Party list vote share by state
Brandenburg
Party list vote share by state
18.1
Party list vote share by state
32.5
Party list vote share by state
14.8
Party list vote share by state
6.6
Party list vote share by state
10.7
Party list vote share by state
10.7
Party list vote share by state
3.2
Party list vote share by state
3.4
Party list vote share by state
81.5
Bremen
Bremen
Party list vote share by state
Bremen
Party list vote share by state
20.5
Party list vote share by state
15.1
Party list vote share by state
23.1
Party list vote share by state
15.6
Party list vote share by state
14.8
Party list vote share by state
4.3
Party list vote share by state
3.5
Party list vote share by state
3.0
Party list vote share by state
77.8
Hamburg
Hamburg
Party list vote share by state
Hamburg
Party list vote share by state
20.7
Party list vote share by state
10.9
Party list vote share by state
22.7
Party list vote share by state
19.3
Party list vote share by state
14.4
Party list vote share by state
4.0
Party list vote share by state
4.5
Party list vote share by state
3.4
Party list vote share by state
80.8
Hesse
Hesse
Party list vote share by state
Hesse
Party list vote share by state
28.9
Party list vote share by state
17.8
Party list vote share by state
18.4
Party list vote share by state
12.6
Party list vote share by state
8.7
Party list vote share by state
4.4
Party list vote share by state
5.0
Party list vote share by state
4.2
Party list vote share by state
83.1
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Party list vote share by state
Lower Saxony
Party list vote share by state
28.1
Party list vote share by state
17.8
Party list vote share by state
23.0
Party list vote share by state
11.5
Party list vote share by state
8.1
Party list vote share by state
3.8
Party list vote share by state
4.1
Party list vote share by state
3.6
Party list vote share by state
83.4
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Party list vote share by state
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Party list vote share by state
17.8
Party list vote share by state
35.0
Party list vote share by state
12.4
Party list vote share by state
5.4
Party list vote share by state
12.0
Party list vote share by state
10.6
Party list vote share by state
3.2
Party list vote share by state
3.6
Party list vote share by state
79.5
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
Party list vote share by state
North Rhine-Westphalia
Party list vote share by state
30.1
Party list vote share by state
16.8
Party list vote share by state
20.0
Party list vote share by state
12.4
Party list vote share by state
8.3
Party list vote share by state
4.1
Party list vote share by state
4.4
Party list vote share by state
3.8
Party list vote share by state
82.2
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Party list vote share by state
Rhineland-Palatinate
Party list vote share by state
30.6
Party list vote share by state
20.1
Party list vote share by state
18.6
Party list vote share by state
10.4
Party list vote share by state
6.5
Party list vote share by state
4.2
Party list vote share by state
4.6
Party list vote share by state
4.9
Party list vote share by state
83.0
Saarland
Saarland
Party list vote share by state
Saarland
Party list vote share by state
26.9
Party list vote share by state
21.6
Party list vote share by state
21.9
Party list vote share by state
7.2
Party list vote share by state
7.3
Party list vote share by state
6.2
Party list vote share by state
4.3
Party list vote share by state
4.7
Party list vote share by state
82.4
Saxony
Saxony
Party list vote share by state
Saxony
Party list vote share by state
19.7
Party list vote share by state
37.3
Party list vote share by state
8.5
Party list vote share by state
6.5
Party list vote share by state
11.3
Party list vote share by state
9.0
Party list vote share by state
3.2
Party list vote share by state
4.4
Party list vote share by state
81.2
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt
Party list vote share by state
Saxony-Anhalt
Party list vote share by state
19.2
Party list vote share by state
37.1
Party list vote share by state
11.0
Party list vote share by state
4.4
Party list vote share by state
10.8
Party list vote share by state
11.2
Party list vote share by state
3.1
Party list vote share by state
3.3
Party list vote share by state
77.7
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
Party list vote share by state
Schleswig-Holstein
Party list vote share by state
27.6
Party list vote share by state
16.3
Party list vote share by state
18.8
Party list vote share by state
14.9
Party list vote share by state
7.8
Party list vote share by state
3.4
Party list vote share by state
4.7
Party list vote share by state
6.5
Party list vote share by state
83.5
Thuringia
Thuringia
Party list vote share by state
Thuringia
Party list vote share by state
18.6
Party list vote share by state
38.6
Party list vote share by state
8.8
Party list vote share by state
4.2
Party list vote share by state
15.2
Party list vote share by state
9.4
Party list vote share by state
2.8
Party list vote share by state
2.5
Party list vote share by state
80.7
Party list vote share by state
State
Union
AfD
SPD
Grüne
Linke
BSW
FDP
Others
Turnout
Baden-Württemberg
31.6
19.8
14.2
13.6
6.8
4.1
5.6
4.3
83.4
Bavaria
37.2
19.0
11.6
12.0
5.7
3.1
4.2
7.2
84.5
Berlin
18.3
15.2
15.1
16.8
19.9
6.6
3.8
4.2
80.3
Brandenburg
18.1
32.5
14.8
6.6
10.7
10.7
3.2
3.4
81.5
Bremen
20.5
15.1
23.1
15.6
14.8
4.3
3.5
3.0
77.8
Hamburg
20.7
10.9
22.7
19.3
14.4
4.0
4.5
3.4
80.8
Hesse
28.9
17.8
18.4
12.6
8.7
4.4
5.0
4.2
83.1
Lower Saxony
28.1
17.8
23.0
11.5
8.1
3.8
4.1
3.6
83.4
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
17.8
35.0
12.4
5.4
12.0
10.6
3.2
3.6
79.5
North Rhine-Westphalia
30.1
16.8
20.0
12.4
8.3
4.1
4.4
3.8
82.2
Rhineland-Palatinate
30.6
20.1
18.6
10.4
6.5
4.2
4.6
4.9
83.0
Saarland
26.9
21.6
21.9
7.2
7.3
6.2
4.3
4.7
82.4
Saxony
19.7
37.3
8.5
6.5
11.3
9.0
3.2
4.4
81.2
Saxony-Anhalt
19.2
37.1
11.0
4.4
10.8
11.2
3.1
3.3
77.7
Schleswig-Holstein
27.6
16.3
18.8
14.9
7.8
3.4
4.7
6.5
83.5
Thuringia
18.6
38.6
8.8
4.2
15.2
9.4
2.8
2.5
80.7
· Results › Results by state › Constituency seats
SPD
SPD
State
SPD
Consti-tuencies
CDU
Awardedseats
CSU
Seats won
Grüne
Seats won
AfD
Seats won
Linke
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
State
Baden-Württemberg
Consti-tuencies
38
Awardedseats
32
Seats won
29 (6)
Seats won
–
Seats won
3
Bavaria
Bavaria
State
Bavaria
Consti-tuencies
47
Awardedseats
44
Seats won
–
Seats won
44 (3)
Berlin
Berlin
State
Berlin
Consti-tuencies
12
Awardedseats
12
Seats won
1
Seats won
3
Seats won
–
Seats won
3
Seats won
1
Seats won
4
Brandenburg
Brandenburg
State
Brandenburg
Consti-tuencies
10
Awardedseats
9
Seats won
1
Seats won
–
Seats won
8 (1)
Bremen
Bremen
State
Bremen
Consti-tuencies
2
Awardedseats
1
Seats won
1 (1)
Seats won
–
Hamburg
Hamburg
State
Hamburg
Consti-tuencies
6
Awardedseats
6
Seats won
3
Seats won
1
Seats won
–
Seats won
2
Hesse
Hesse
State
Hesse
Consti-tuencies
22
Awardedseats
17
Seats won
2
Seats won
15 (5)
Seats won
–
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
State
Lower Saxony
Consti-tuencies
30
Awardedseats
30
Seats won
15
Seats won
15
Seats won
–
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
State
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Consti-tuencies
6
Awardedseats
5
Seats won
–
Seats won
5 (1)
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Consti-tuencies
64
Awardedseats
64
Seats won
17
Seats won
44
Seats won
–
Seats won
3
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Consti-tuencies
15
Awardedseats
12
Seats won
1
Seats won
11 (3)
Seats won
–
Saarland
Saarland
State
Saarland
Consti-tuencies
4
Awardedseats
4
Seats won
2
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Saxony
Saxony
State
Saxony
Consti-tuencies
16
Awardedseats
15
Seats won
–
Seats won
14 (1)
Seats won
1
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Consti-tuencies
8
Awardedseats
7
Seats won
–
Seats won
7 (1)
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Consti-tuencies
11
Awardedseats
10
Seats won
1
Seats won
8 (1)
Seats won
–
Seats won
1
Thuringia
Thuringia
State
Thuringia
Consti-tuencies
8
Awardedseats
8
Seats won
–
Seats won
7
Seats won
1
Total
Total
State
Total
Consti-tuencies
299
Awardedseats
276
Seats won
44
Seats won
128
Seats won
44
Seats won
12
Seats won
42
Seats won
6
State
Consti-tuencies
Awardedseats
Seats won
SPD
CDU
CSU
Grüne
AfD
Linke
Baden-Württemberg
38
32
29 (6)
–
3
Bavaria
47
44
–
44 (3)
Berlin
12
12
1
3
–
3
1
4
Brandenburg
10
9
1
–
8 (1)
Bremen
2
1
1 (1)
–
Hamburg
6
6
3
1
–
2
Hesse
22
17
2
15 (5)
–
Lower Saxony
30
30
15
15
–
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
6
5
–
5 (1)
North Rhine-Westphalia
64
64
17
44
–
3
Rhineland-Palatinate
15
12
1
11 (3)
–
Saarland
4
4
2
2
–
Saxony
16
15
–
14 (1)
1
Saxony-Anhalt
8
7
–
7 (1)
Schleswig-Holstein
11
10
1
8 (1)
–
1
Thuringia
8
8
–
7
1
Total
299
276
44
128
44
12
42
6
· Results › Results by state › List seats
SPD
SPD
State
SPD
Totalseats
CDU
Seats won
Grüne
Seats won
AfD
Seats won
Linke
Seats won
SSW
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
State
Baden-Württemberg
Totalseats
47
Seats won
13
Seats won
9
Seats won
19
Seats won
6
Seats won
–
Bavaria
Bavaria
State
Bavaria
Totalseats
57
Seats won
14
Seats won
–
Seats won
14
Seats won
22
Seats won
7
Seats won
–
Berlin
Berlin
State
Berlin
Totalseats
12
Seats won
3
Seats won
2
Seats won
2
Seats won
3
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Brandenburg
Brandenburg
State
Brandenburg
Totalseats
12
Seats won
3
Seats won
4
Seats won
2
Seats won
3
Seats won
–
Bremen
Bremen
State
Bremen
Totalseats
4
Seats won
1
Seats won
1
Seats won
1
Seats won
1
Seats won
–
Hamburg
Hamburg
State
Hamburg
Totalseats
7
Seats won
2
Seats won
1
Seats won
2
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Hesse
Hesse
State
Hesse
Totalseats
28
Seats won
8
Seats won
7
Seats won
9
Seats won
4
Seats won
–
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
State
Lower Saxony
Totalseats
35
Seats won
2
Seats won
6
Seats won
8
Seats won
13
Seats won
6
Seats won
–
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
State
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Totalseats
8
Seats won
2
Seats won
3
Seats won
1
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia
State
North Rhine-Westphalia
Totalseats
72
Seats won
14
Seats won
3
Seats won
16
Seats won
26
Seats won
13
Seats won
–
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
State
Rhineland-Palatinate
Totalseats
19
Seats won
6
Seats won
4
Seats won
7
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Saarland
Saarland
State
Saarland
Totalseats
4
Seats won
1
Seats won
2
Seats won
1
Seats won
–
Saxony
Saxony
State
Saxony
Totalseats
15
Seats won
3
Seats won
7
Seats won
2
Seats won
3
Seats won
–
Saxony-Anhalt
Saxony-Anhalt
State
Saxony-Anhalt
Totalseats
9
Seats won
2
Seats won
4
Seats won
1
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
State
Schleswig-Holstein
Totalseats
15
Seats won
4
Seats won
3
Seats won
5
Seats won
2
Seats won
1
Thuringia
Thuringia
State
Thuringia
Totalseats
10
Seats won
2
Seats won
4
Seats won
1
Seats won
1
Seats won
2
Seats won
–
Total
Total
State
Total
Totalseats
354
Seats won
76
Seats won
36
Seats won
73
Seats won
110
Seats won
58
Seats won
1
State
Totalseats
Seats won
SPD
CDU
Grüne
AfD
Linke
SSW
Baden-Württemberg
47
13
9
19
6
–
Bavaria
57
14
–
14
22
7
–
Berlin
12
3
2
2
3
2
–
Brandenburg
12
3
4
2
3
–
Bremen
4
1
1
1
1
–
Hamburg
7
2
1
2
2
–
Hesse
28
8
7
9
4
–
Lower Saxony
35
2
6
8
13
6
–
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
8
2
3
1
2
–
North Rhine-Westphalia
72
14
3
16
26
13
–
Rhineland-Palatinate
19
6
4
7
2
–
Saarland
4
1
2
1
–
Saxony
15
3
7
2
3
–
Saxony-Anhalt
9
2
4
1
2
–
Schleswig-Holstein
15
4
3
5
2
1
Thuringia
10
2
4
1
1
2
–
Total
354
76
36
73
110
58
1
· Results › Voter demographics
Demographic
Demographic
Sociology of the electorate
Demographic
Sociology of the electorate
Union
Sociology of the electorate
AfD
Sociology of the electorate
SPD
Sociology of the electorate
Grüne
Sociology of the electorate
Linke
Sociology of the electorate
BSW
Sociology of the electorate
FDP
Sociology of the electorate
Others
Total vote
Total vote
Sociology of the electorate
Total vote
Sociology of the electorate
29%
Sociology of the electorate
21%
Sociology of the electorate
16%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
9%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sex
Sex
Sociology of the electorate
Sex
Men
Men
Sociology of the electorate
Men
Sociology of the electorate
30%
Sociology of the electorate
24%
Sociology of the electorate
15%
Sociology of the electorate
11%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Women
Women
Sociology of the electorate
Women
Sociology of the electorate
27%
Sociology of the electorate
18%
Sociology of the electorate
18%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
11%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
3%
Age
Age
Sociology of the electorate
Age
18–24 years old
18–24 years old
Sociology of the electorate
18–24 years old
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
21%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
10%
Sociology of the electorate
25%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
8%
25–34 years old
25–34 years old
Sociology of the electorate
25–34 years old
Sociology of the electorate
17%
Sociology of the electorate
24%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
14%
Sociology of the electorate
16%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
35–44 years old
35–44 years old
Sociology of the electorate
35–44 years old
Sociology of the electorate
24%
Sociology of the electorate
26%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
14%
Sociology of the electorate
8%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
45–59 years old
45–59 years old
Sociology of the electorate
45–59 years old
Sociology of the electorate
33%
Sociology of the electorate
22%
Sociology of the electorate
15%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
60–69 years old
60–69 years old
Sociology of the electorate
60–69 years old
Sociology of the electorate
33%
Sociology of the electorate
19%
Sociology of the electorate
21%
Sociology of the electorate
11%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
2%
70 or older
70 or older
Sociology of the electorate
70 or older
Sociology of the electorate
43%
Sociology of the electorate
10%
Sociology of the electorate
25%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
1%
Education
Education
Sociology of the electorate
Education
Primary education
Primary education
Sociology of the electorate
Primary education
Sociology of the electorate
32%
Sociology of the electorate
29%
Sociology of the electorate
20%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
3%
Sociology of the electorate
3%
Secondary education
Secondary education
Sociology of the electorate
Secondary education
Sociology of the electorate
28%
Sociology of the electorate
28%
Sociology of the electorate
15%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
3%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Higher education
Higher education
Sociology of the electorate
Higher education
Sociology of the electorate
27%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
16%
Sociology of the electorate
18%
Sociology of the electorate
11%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Socio-occupational classification
Socio-occupational classification
Sociology of the electorate
Socio-occupational classification
Blue-collar worker
Blue-collar worker
Sociology of the electorate
Blue-collar worker
Sociology of the electorate
22%
Sociology of the electorate
38%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
8%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
White-collar worker
White-collar worker
Sociology of the electorate
White-collar worker
Sociology of the electorate
26%
Sociology of the electorate
21%
Sociology of the electorate
15%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
9%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Self-employed
Self-employed
Sociology of the electorate
Self-employed
Sociology of the electorate
35%
Sociology of the electorate
21%
Sociology of the electorate
10%
Sociology of the electorate
14%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Sociology of the electorate
2%
Sociology of the electorate
9%
Sociology of the electorate
2%
Retired
Retired
Sociology of the electorate
Retired
Sociology of the electorate
39%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
24%
Sociology of the electorate
9%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Sociology of the electorate
2%
Personal economic situation
Personal economic situation
Sociology of the electorate
Personal economic situation
Good
Good
Sociology of the electorate
Good
Sociology of the electorate
31%
Sociology of the electorate
17%
Sociology of the electorate
17%
Sociology of the electorate
13%
Sociology of the electorate
8%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Sociology of the electorate
4%
Bad
Bad
Sociology of the electorate
Bad
Sociology of the electorate
17%
Sociology of the electorate
39%
Sociology of the electorate
12%
Sociology of the electorate
6%
Sociology of the electorate
11%
Sociology of the electorate
7%
Sociology of the electorate
3%
Sociology of the electorate
5%
Source: Infratest dimap
Source: Infratest dimap
Sociology of the electorate
Source: Infratest dimap
Sociology of the electorate
Demographic
Union
AfD
SPD
Grüne
Linke
BSW
FDP
Others
Total vote
29%
21%
16%
12%
9%
5%
4%
4%
Sex
Men
30%
24%
15%
11%
7%
4%
5%
4%
Women
27%
18%
18%
13%
11%
6%
4%
3%
Age
18–24 years old
13%
21%
12%
10%
25%
6%
5%
8%
25–34 years old
17%
24%
12%
14%
16%
6%
5%
6%
35–44 years old
24%
26%
13%
14%
8%
6%
4%
5%
45–59 years old
33%
22%
15%
12%
5%
5%
4%
4%
60–69 years old
33%
19%
21%
11%
5%
5%
4%
2%
70 or older
43%
10%
25%
7%
5%
4%
5%
1%
Education
Primary education
32%
29%
20%
4%
5%
4%
3%
3%
Secondary education
28%
28%
15%
6%
7%
6%
3%
7%
Higher education
27%
13%
16%
18%
11%
5%
5%
5%
Socio-occupational classification
Blue-collar worker
22%
38%
12%
5%
8%
5%
4%
6%
White-collar worker
26%
21%
15%
13%
9%
6%
4%
6%
Self-employed
35%
21%
10%
14%
7%
2%
9%
2%
Retired
39%
13%
24%
9%
5%
4%
4%
2%
Personal economic situation
Good
31%
17%
17%
13%
8%
5%
5%
4%
Bad
17%
39%
12%
6%
11%
7%
3%
5%
Source: Infratest dimap
· Government formation
Total seats
Total seats
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
Total seats
Seats
630
Two-thirds majority (420 or more seats)
Two-thirds majority (420 or more seats)
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
Two-thirds majority (420 or more seats)
mw- .mw- .mw- CDU/CSU-AfD-Greens-Linke
mw- .mw- .mw- CDU/CSU-AfD-Greens-Linke
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
mw- .mw- .mw- CDU/CSU-AfD-Greens-Linke
Seats
509
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens-Linke
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens-Linke
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens-Linke
Seats
477
Absolute majority (316 or more seats)
Absolute majority (316 or more seats)
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
Absolute majority (316 or more seats)
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens
Seats
413
CDU/CSU-AfD
CDU/CSU-AfD
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-AfD
Seats
360
CDU/CSU-Greens-Linke
CDU/CSU-Greens-Linke
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-Greens-Linke
Seats
357
CDU/CSU-SPD
CDU/CSU-SPD
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-SPD
Seats
328
No majority (315 or fewer seats)
No majority (315 or fewer seats)
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
No majority (315 or fewer seats)
CDU/CSU-Greens
CDU/CSU-Greens
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
CDU/CSU-Greens
Seats
293
SPD-Greens-Linke
SPD-Greens-Linke
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
SPD-Greens-Linke
Seats
269
Possible majorities in the Bundestag
Seats
Total seats
630
Two-thirds majority (420 or more seats)
mw- .mw- CDU/CSU-AfD-Greens-Linke
509
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens-Linke
477
Absolute majority (316 or more seats)
CDU/CSU-SPD-Greens
413
CDU/CSU-AfD
360
CDU/CSU-Greens-Linke
357
CDU/CSU-SPD
328
No majority (315 or fewer seats)
CDU/CSU-Greens
293
SPD-Greens-Linke
269
· Government formation › Debt brake agreement
Ballot →
Ballot →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Ballot →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
18 March 2025
Required majority →
Required majority →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Required majority →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
489 out of 718
Result →
Result →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Result →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Approved Y
Sources
Sources
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Sources
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundestag) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Ballot →
18 March 2025
Required majority →
489 out of 718
Yes • SPD (205)• CDU/CSU (193)• Greens (112)• SSW (1)• Independent (1)
512 / 718
No • FDP (87)• AfD (73)• The Left (28)• BSW (9)• Independent (6)• CDU/CSU (1)• Greens (1)• SPD (1)
206 / 718
Abstentions
0 / 718
Absentees • Greens (4)• AfD (3)• FDP (3)• CDU/CSU (2)• BSW (1)• Independent (1)• SPD (1)
15 / 733
Result →
Approved Y
Sources
· Government formation › Debt brake agreement
Ballot →
Ballot →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Ballot →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
21 March 2025
Required majority →
Required majority →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Required majority →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
46 of 69
Result →
Result →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Result →
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Approved Y
Motion to change the Basic Law (Bundesrat) Reform the German balanced budget amendment
Ballot →
21 March 2025
Required majority →
46 of 69
Yes • Baden-Württemberg (6) • Bavaria (6) • Berlin (4) • Bremen (3) • Hamburg (3) • Hesse (5) • Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (3) • Lower Saxony (6) • North Rhine-Westphailia (6) • Saarland (3) • Saxony (4) • Schleswig-Holstein (4)
53 / 69
No
0 / 69
mw- hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output inline dl,.mw-parser-output inline ol,.mw-parser-output inline ul,.mw-parser-output dl dl,.mw-parser-output dl ol,.mw-parser-output dl ul,.mw-parser-output ol dl,.mw-parser-output ol ol,.mw- .mw- hlist dd:last-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:first-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:last-child ,.mw- .mw- hlist dd ol>li:first-child ,.mw- Abstentions • Brandenburg (4) • Rhineland-Palatinate (4) • Saxony-Anhalt (4) • Thuringia (4)
16 / 69
Result →
Approved Y

References

  1. Chancellor candidate; co-lead candidate with Tino Chrupalla.
  2. Chancellor candidate; co-lead candidate with Annalena Baerbock.
  3. Minority party exempt from 5% threshold.
  4. Initially allocated 92 seats in 2021, but lost a seat during repeat election in Berlin.
  5. 10 MdBs were elected on lists of The Left in the previous election.
  6. In Germany, with the exception of the German Unity Day, all holidays are determined on the state level, and because of t
  7. Possibility 1 has not happened since 1949; possibility 2 has been used a total of four times (in 1972, 1982, 2005, and t
  8. Uwe Witt left AfD in December 2021 and ultimately joined BD in December 2024.
  9. Dirk Spaniel left AfD in October 2024 and joined WU in January 2025.
  10. Matthias Helferich, though elected on AfD's North Rhine-Westphalia list, was excluded from its parliamentary group due t
  11. Volker Wissing left the FDP to remain in the Scholz cabinet as Minister of Digital and Transport as well as taking over
  12. Not a debate; the candidates separately answer questions posed by a live audience in a town hall format
  13. Regional lead candidates
  14. Pre-recorded.
  15. Lead
  16. A relatively larger state that is not a city-state like Berlin, Hamburg or Bremen
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  120. Münchner Merkur
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  121. DWDL
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  122. Tagesschau
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  123. Das Erste
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  124. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/br24-wahlarena-live-kandidaten-stellen-sich-den-buergerfragen,UcaxOrN
  125. Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk
    https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/politik/wahlarena-bundestagswahl-magdeburg-102.html
  126. Südwestrundfunk
    https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/debatte-spitzenpolitiker-aus-bw-in-der-wahlarena-migration-wirtschaft-soziales-100.html
  127. RTL Radio
    https://www.rtlradio.de/Arno_und_die_Morgencrew/Die-vier-Kanzlerkandidatinnen-und-kandidaten-im-Quadrell-id1283177.html
  128. rtl.de
    https://www.rtl.de/cms/bundestagswahl-2025-quadrell-bei-rtl-im-livestream-hier-koennt-ihr-die-kanzler-debatte-streamen-5096351.html
  129. DWDL de GmbH
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  130. fr.de
    https://www.fr.de/politik/merz-sagt-teilnahme-am-buerger-speed-dating-ab-gruende-unbekannt-bundestagswahl-cdu-bsw-union-93578703.html
  131. "Lindner schließt erneute Ampel-Koalition kategorisch aus"
    https://www.stern.de/news/lindner-schliesst-erneute-ampel-koalition-kategorisch-aus-35215556.html
  132. "Neuwahl des Bundestages: Welche Koalitionsoptionen bleiben?"
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/neuwahl-des-bundestages-welche-koalitionsoptionen-bleiben,UTqHFnH
  133. "Neue Umfrage zeigt kaum Optionen für Merz: Steht die neue Koalition bereits fest?"
    https://www.merkur.de/politik/neue-umfrage-zeigt-kaum-optionen-fuer-merz-steht-die-neue-koalition-bereits-fest-zr-93415815.html
  134. ""Wer weiß": Söders Nein zu Schwarz-Grün klingt nun etwas anders"
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/soeders-nein-zu-schwarz-gruen-klingt-nun-etwas-anders,UTXgJoh
  135. Abnamro
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250204105538/https://www.abnamro.com/research/en/our-research/preview-german-elections-grand-coalition-most-likely-result
  136. N-TV
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250204105644/https://www.n-tv.de/politik/SPD-stellt-nach-Merz-Wortbruch-moegliche-Koalition-infrage-article25534092.html
  137. Merkur
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250204105940/https://www.merkur.de/politik/merz-regieren-soll-bundestagswahl-2025-umfrage-zeigt-mit-wem-93548852.html
  138. Ipsos
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250204110032/https://www.ipsos.com/de-de/meinungsumfragen/kanzlerfrage-2025
  139. "Cheat sheet on Germany's colour-coded politics"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250123034937/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/cheat-sheet-germanys-colour-coded-032839861.html
  140. "CSU-Chef Söder sieht einzig die SPD ohne Scholz als Koalitionspartner"
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/soeder-union-koalition-spd-100.html
  141. Le Monde
    https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/24/germany-s-social-democrats-turn-page-on-defeated-scholz_6738508_4.html
  142. Der Spiegel
    https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2025-christian-lindner-draengt-union-zu-exklusivem-buendnis-mit-der-fdp-a-2a6d9aaf-848d-440d-9d93-1ed8e559d676
  143. "Kubicki ist offen für Deutschland-Koalition und rechnet mit deutlichem Ergebnis"
    https://web.de/magazine/politik/wahlen/bundestagswahl/kubicki-offen-deutschland-koalition-rechnet-deutlichem-ergebnis-40499384
  144. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/23/germany-election-who-are-the-key-players-and-what-is-at-stake
  145. "Bundestagswahl 2025: Wie das BSW bei den Wählern punkten will"
    https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/bsw-bundestagswahl-2025-100.html
  146. Die Zeit
    https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2024-07/buendnis-sahra-wagenknecht-spd-olaf-scholz-koalition-bsw-landtagswahlen
  147. "Bei Neuwahlen: Diese Koalitionen wären möglich"
    https://www.noz.de/deutschland-welt/politik/artikel/bei-neuwahlen-diese-koalitionen-waeren-moeglich-47964986
  148. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/toedlicher-messerangriff-in-aschaffenburg-was-wir-bisher-wissen,UacXLCm
  149. tagesschau.de
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/merz-antraege-100.html
  150. tagesschau.de
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/merz-antraege-100.html
  151. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/hunderte-demonstrieren-vor-cdu-zentrale-scharfe-kritik-an-merz,UbITuka
  152. deutschlandfunk.de
    https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/merkel-bekraeftigt-kritik-an-merz-gemeinsamer-abstimmung-mit-afd-102.html
  153. deutschlandfunk.de
    https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/hunderttausende-protestieren-gegen-afd-kurs-von-cdu-und-csu-100.html
  154. tagesschau.de
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bundestagswahl/migrationsgesetz-abgelehnt-100.html
  155. ZDF heute
    https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/politbarometer-union-antrag-afd-100.html
  156. Politico Europe
    https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-left-party-die-linke-rising-young-voters-heidi-reichinnek/
  157. Münchner Merkur
    https://www.merkur.de/politik/hubert-aiwangers-freie-waehler-nach-bundestagswahl-im-bundestag-chance-zr-93507181.html
  158. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/musk-deutscher-wahlkampf-100.html
  159. Der Standard
    https://www.derstandard.at/consent/tcf/story/3000000189204/fokus-1-tesla-gr252nder-musk-teilt-beitrag-mit-aufruf-zu-afd-wahl
  160. De Welt
    https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/plus254982012/Warum-Elon-Musk-auf-die-AfD-setzt-und-warum-er-dabei-irrt.html
  161. Der Spiegel
    https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/neuwahlen-bundespraesident-frank-walter-steinmeier-loest-bundestag-auf-wahltermin-23-februar-2025-a-3cd80e14-8a89-402c-ba9d-e6f0d9379630
  162. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/musk-wahlkampf-esken-merz-100.html
  163. T-Online
    https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/parteien/id_100562522/neujahrsansprache-von-robert-habeck-mit-kritik-an-elon-musk.html
  164. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/musk-deutscher-wahlkampf-100.html
  165. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/djv-reaktion-gastbeitrag-musk-100.html
  166. Der Spiegel
    https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/afd-wahlaufruf-in-der-welt-elon-musk-weiss-nicht-wovon-er-schreibt-a-5ad6c66d-0a15-40fa-90e1-54a017097590
  167. n-tv
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  168. Süddeutsche
    https://www.sueddeutsche.de/meinung/musk-wahlempfehlung-welt-kommentar-personenkult-afd-li.3173958?reduced=true
  169. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/berlin-says-vance-should-not-interfere-german-politics-2025-02-14/
  170. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/15/vance-germany-afd-scholz-weidel-far-right/
  171. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-opposition-leader-joins-rebuke-vance-criticism-2025-02-15/
  172. WSJ
    https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/musk-putin-secret-conversations-37e1c187
  173. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/verfassungsschutz-warnung-cyberangriffe-bundestagswahl-100.html
  174. EDMO
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  175. Correctiv
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250123150757/https://correctiv.org/faktencheck/russische-desinformation/2025/01/23/angriff-aus-russland-auf-bundestagswahl-deepfake-ki/
  176. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/spd-in-duesseldorf-andreas-rimkus-kandidiert-nicht-mehr_aid-107160959
  177. Passauer Neue Presse
    https://www.pnp.de/nachrichten/bayern/ramsauer-ich-werde-kein-weiteres-mal-mehr-antreten-15390416
  178. Der Tagesspiegel
    https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/es-ist-zeit-um-platz-fur-jungere-zu-machen-renate-kunast-kundigt-ruckzug-aus-der-aktiven-politik-an-11982467.html
  179. Bild
    https://www.bild.de/regional/hamburg/spd-staatssekretaer-niels-annen-zieht-sich-aus-der-politik-zurueck-66812f0ca43a2d54d46cf592
  180. buten un binnen
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  181. Süddeutsche Zeitung
    https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/yvonne-magwas-annette-widmann-mauz-frauenunion-frauen-union-cdu-bundestag-frauenquote-lux.GBFVgkeNZoKAV9qzheQLTi
  182. Sächsische Zeitung
    https://www.saechsische.de/politik/saechsische-bundestagsvizepraesidentin-magwas-von-der-cdu-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-6024513.html
  183. Saarbrücker Zeitung
    https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/saarland/landespolitik/cdu-im-saarland-nadine-schoen-verlaesst-den-bundestag_aid-115856667
  184. Der Tagesspiegel
    https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/mehr-zeit-fur-franz-michelle-muntefering-zieht-sich-aus-dem-bundestag-zuruck-11800751.html
  185. Nürtinger Zeitung
    https://www.ntz.de/region/artikel_markus-gruebel-im-naechsten-bundestag-nicht-mehr-dabei.html
  186. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/rueckzug-aus-bundespolitik-andreas-scheuer-tritt-nicht-mehr-an,U2k57bH
  187. Der Tagesspiegel
    https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/zeit-zu-neuen-ufern-aufzubrechen-gruner-forschungspolitiker-gehring-kundigt-ruckzug-an-11819270.html
  188. Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag
    https://www.shz.de/lokales/eckernfoerde/artikel/eckernfoerder-bundestagsabgeordneter-soenke-rix-steigt-aus-46578692
  189. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
    https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/frankfurt/ex-ob-kandidatin-der-gruenen-in-frankfurt-warum-sich-manuela-rottmann-aus-der-politik-zurueckziehen-will-19691514.html
  190. Westfalenpost
    https://www.wp.de/staedte/siegerland/siegen-volkmar-klein-kandiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-bundestag-id239026957.html
  191. Der Tagesspiegel
    https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/abschied-aus-dem-parlament-diese-abgeordneten-gehen-vor-der-bundestagswahl-freiwillig-11377981.html
  192. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung
    https://www.mz.de/mitteldeutschland/sachsen-anhalt/katrin-bude-spd-politikerin-sachsen-anhalt-karriere-aus-3876332
  193. Dürener Zeitung
    https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/region-dueren/dueren/dietmar-nietans-finale-im-bundestag/9518161.html
  194. Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
    https://www.waz.de/staedte/gladbeck/article242090182/Bundestagswahl-SPD-Gladbeck-legt-bei-Kandidatenkuer-vor.html
  195. Süddeutsche Zeitung
    https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/tabea-roessner-hoert-auf-gruene-rheinland-pfalz-lux.BjoaHkB6iwqmgvwYo8vLLc
  196. Rhein-Zeitung
    https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/kreis-neuwied_artikel,-erwin-rueddel-faehrt-langsam-runter-abgeordneter-freut-sich-auf-die-zeit-nach-der-politischen-karriere-_arid,2404347.html
  197. Südwest Presse
    https://www.swp.de/lokales/goeppingen/spd-im-kreis-goeppingen-heike-baehrens-tritt-nicht-wieder-an-73572197.html
  198. Die Tageszeitung
    https://taz.de/Abschied-aus-der-Politik/!6000830/
  199. Die Rheinpfalz
    https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/landau_artikel,-spd-thomas-hitschler-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-f%C3%BCr-bundestag-_arid,5586653.html
  200. Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag
    https://www.shz.de/lokales/husum/artikel/astrid-damerow-kandidiert-nicht-zur-bundestagswahl-2025-46902050
  201. Die Rheinpfalz
    https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pfalz-ticker_artikel,-gr%C3%BCnen-politiker-tobias-lindner-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-_arid,5671196.html
  202. Schwäbische Zeitung
    https://www.schwaebische.de/regional/zollernalb/martin-rosemann-tritt-auch-nicht-mehr-als-bundestagskandidat-an-2717136
  203. Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung
    https://www.haz.de/lokales/hannover/gruenen-politiker-sven-christian-kindler-aus-hannover-verlaesst-den-bundestag-3FHTEEOK5VHR5HPFET772XZAHU.html
  204. Weser-Kurier
    https://www.weser-kurier.de/landkreis-rotenburg/politik/bundestagsnominierung-oliver-grundmann-cdu-will-nicht-mehr-doc7upm1dw6esj1cde3572f
  205. Münstersche Zeitung
    https://www.muensterschezeitung.de/lokales/staedte/muenster/maria-klein-schmeink-hoert-auf-gruene-bundestagswahl-2025-kandidaten-2930484
  206. Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
    https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/spd-abgeordnete-dagmar-andres-aus-rhein-erft-will-2025-nicht-mehr-in-den-bundestag-782298
  207. Kreiszeitung Wochenblatt
    https://www.kreiszeitung-wochenblatt.de/hanstedt/c-politik/michael-grosse-broemer-tritt-nicht-wieder-an_a317071
  208. Rheinische Post
    https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/neuss/neuss-hermann-groehe-cdu-kuendigt-abschied-aus-bundespolitik-an_aid-116408107
  209. Rheinische Post
    https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/kempen/kreis-viersen-spd-abgeordneter-udo-schiefner-tritt-nicht-mehr-an_aid-117053231
  210. Passauer Neue Presse
    https://www.pnp.de/lokales/landkreis-rottal-inn/mdb-max-straubinger-csu-kandidiert-mehr-fuer-den-bundestag-15302819
  211. Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung
    https://www.hildesheimer-allgemeine.de/meldung/spd-abgeordneter-bernd-westphal-will-nicht-wieder-in-den-bundestag.html
  212. Süddeutsche Zeitung
    https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/fuerstenfeldbruck/fuerstenfeldbruck-dachau-beate-walter-rosenheimer-verzicht-auf-kandidatur-1.6389183
  213. Tagesschau
    https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/wanderwitz-bundestag-rueckzug-100.html
  214. Die Zeit
    https://www.zeit.de/news/2024-09/07/jan-nolte-ist-afd-spitzenkandidat-fuer-bundestagswahl-demos
  215. Der Spiegel
    https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/gesine-loetzsch-linkenabgeordnete-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-und-kritisiert-parteispitze-a-7f9dc558-1904-4f3a-ab63-818ddc2ef3f0
  216. "Petra Pau kandidiert nicht erneut für den Bundestag"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241101200529/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/petra-pau-bundestag-100.html
  217. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/03/germanys-first-africa-born-mp-to-stand-down-after-racist-abuse
  218. "n-tv:SPD-Generalsekretär Kevin Kühnert tritt zurück"
    https://www.n-tv.de/politik/SPD-Generalsekretaer-Kevin-Kuehnert-tritt-zurueck-article25274597.html
  219. Bayerischer Rundfunk
    https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/trans-politikerin-tessa-ganserer-will-nicht-mehr-in-bundestag,UQ3CloR
  220. SWR
    https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/cem-oezdemir-gruene-geht-optimistisch-in-die-landtagswahl-100.html
  221. Zeit.de
    https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2024-11/volker-wissing-fdp-ampel-aus-neuwahlen-christian-lindner
  222. Sueddeutsche
    https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/ex-chefin-der-linken-hennig-wellsow-hoert-auf-li.3166281
  223. Stuttgarter Zeitung
    https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.kandidaten-fuer-bundestag-nominiert-die-linke-gegen-die-da-oben.6d42f5f0-60ba-4779-8a61-72b964002a24.html
  224. helge-braun.de
    https://www.helge-braun.de/
  225. FAZ
    https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/monika-gruetters-warum-ihr-der-abschied-von-der-politik-so-schwerfaellt-110006066.html
  226. Welt.de
    https://www.welt.de/regionales/bayern/article253600208/Ekin-Deligoez-tritt-2025-nicht-mehr-bei-Bundestagswahl-an.html
  227. Die Harke
    https://www.dieharke.de/lokales/nienburg-lk/die-gruene-katja-keul-aus-marklohe-will-nicht-erneut-fuer-den-bundestag-kandidieren-HYE62WH4KBHRTDDWIQDNRTZ3WM.html
  228. Dr. Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
    https://strengmann-kuhn.de/erklaerung-erklaerung-zur-bundestagswahl/
  229. Rundblick Niedersachsen.de
    https://www.rundblick-niedersachsen.de/stefan-wenzel-zieht-sich-aus-der-politik-zurueck/
  230. Rheinpfalz.de
    https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pfalz-ticker_artikel,-s%C3%BCdpf%C3%A4lzer-fdp-abgeordneter-mario-brandenburg-tritt-nicht-mehr-an-_arid,5652287.html
  231. Die Tageszeitung
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241009090735/https://taz.de/Gruenen-Politikerin-zieht-sich-zurueck/!6041676/
  232. Der Tagesspiegel
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240914162104/https://www.nw.de/nachrichten/zwischen_weser_und_rhein/23942596_SPD-Politiker-Achim-Post-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-Bundestag.html
  233. Susanne Menge MdB - Für Oldenburg-Ammerland - Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen
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  234. Ruhr Nachrichten
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241109021639/https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/dortmund/markus-kurth-bundestag-dortmund-wahl-2025-gruene-ampel-aus-fdp-spd-berlin-aus-nach-22-jahren-w958448-2001434327/
  235. Ihranzeiger
    https://web.archive.org/web/20250115020311/https://www.ihranzeiger.de/lokales/lokale-redaktion/news-anzeigen/ingrid-nestle-kandidiert-nicht-mehr.html
  236. Braunschweiger Zeitung
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241114022231/https://www.braunschweiger-zeitung.de/niedersachsen/wolfenbuettel/article407676082/linke-verliert-gesicht-darum-schmeisst-victor-perli-hin.html
  237. Tagesschau
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241216181502/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/regional/thueringen/mdr-thueringer-abgeordnete-martina-renner-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-bundestag-100.html
  238. FR
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241201185318/https://www.fr.de/politik/von-kuehnert-bis-oezdemir-diese-abgeordneten-treten-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-bundestag-an-zr-93436192.html
  239. Nordseezeitung.de
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240704160319/https://www.nordsee-zeitung.de/Cuxland/Enak-Ferlemann-CDU-tritt-bei-der-Bundestagswahl-2025-nicht-wieder-an-218882.html
  240. WAZ
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241204020510/https://www.waz.de/lokales/bochum/article407487444/es-ist-gut-so-spd-urgestein-axel-schaefer-kandidiert-nicht-mehr.html
  241. Politico Europe
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