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2025 Atlantic hurricane season

Updated: Wikipedia source

2025 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation which saw bursts of intense tropical cyclone development over warmer-than-normal waters between long and quiet stretches with low tropical activity. It featured three Category 5 hurricanes, the second most of any season on record, behind only the 2005 season, which had four. Due in large part to these systems, and despite a below average number of named storms and hurricanes, the season had an above-normal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 132.8 units. Among the three was Hurricane Melissa, the strongest tropical cyclone of the year globally to date, among the most intense Atlantic hurricanes on record in terms of both lowest barometric pressure and one-minute sustained wind speeds, as well as the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in Jamaica on record. The season officially began on June 1, and ended on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. Overall, 13 named storms formed, 5 of those became hurricanes, of which 4 strengthened into major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale). The first system, Tropical Storm Andrea, formed on June 23, marking the latest start to an Atlantic season since 2014. Also in June, Tropical Storm Barry struck Veracruz causing widespread flooding in eastern Mexico. Then, in July, Tropical Storm Chantal hit South Carolina, the only system to make landfall in the United States this season, producing heavy rainfall across the Carolinas. No hurricanes made landfall in the United States this season, for the first time since 2015. In August, Hurricane Erin reached Category 5 strength. Though never making landfall, it impacted Cape Verde, and had indirect effects on the eastern Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of the United States. Afterwards, unfavorable conditions caused tropical cyclogenesis to cease for nearly a month through the end of August and the first two weeks of September, during the typical peak of the hurricane season. In mid-September, activity resumed with the formation of Hurricane Gabrielle in the central Atlantic. Next came Hurricanes Humberto and Imelda. Humberto attained Category 5 strength, but, like Erin, did not make landfall. In late October, the final storm of the season, Hurricane Melissa, intensified into a Category 5 hurricane south of Jamaica and made landfall there at peak intensity, resulting in catastrophic destruction. Melissa dissipated on October 31, with no storms forming during the month of November, in turn concluding the season. Collectively, the storms during the season caused at least 134 fatalities and resulted in at least US$10.555 billion in monetary losses, mostly due to Melissa.

Infobox

First system formed
June 23, 2025
Last system dissipated
October 31, 2025
Name
Melissa(Tied for third-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record)
• Maximum winds
185 mph (295 km/h)(1-minute sustained)
• Lowest pressure
892 mbar (hPa; 26.34 inHg)
Total depressions
13
Total storms
13
Hurricanes
5
Major hurricanes(Cat. 3 )
4
ACE
132.8
Total fatalities
134 total
Total damage
$10.555 billion (2025 USD)

Tables

2025 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics
Andrea
Andrea
Stormname
Andrea
Dates active
June 23–24
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
40 (65)
Min.press.(mbar)
1014
Areas affected
None
Damage (US$)
None
Deaths
None
Barry
Barry
Stormname
Barry
Dates active
June 28–30
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
45 (75)
Min.press.(mbar)
1006
Areas affected
Northern Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico, South Texas
Damage (US$)
$32.5 million
Deaths
8
Chantal
Chantal
Stormname
Chantal
Dates active
July 4–7
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
60 (95)
Min.press.(mbar)
1002
Areas affected
Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States
Damage (US$)
$500 million
Deaths
6
Dexter
Dexter
Stormname
Dexter
Dates active
August 3–6
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
60 (95)
Min.press.(mbar)
999
Areas affected
None
Damage (US$)
None
Deaths
None
Erin
Erin
Stormname
Erin
Dates active
August 11–22
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Category 5 hurricane
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
160 (260)
Min.press.(mbar)
915
Areas affected
Cape Verde, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Lucayan Archipelago, East Coast of the United States, Bermuda, Coastal Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Iceland
Damage (US$)
>$1 million
Deaths
12
Fernand
Fernand
Stormname
Fernand
Dates active
August 23–27
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
60 (95)
Min.press.(mbar)
999
Areas affected
None
Damage (US$)
None
Deaths
None
Gabrielle
Gabrielle
Stormname
Gabrielle
Dates active
September 17–25
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Category 4 hurricane
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
140 (220)
Min.press.(mbar)
948
Areas affected
East Coast of the United States, Bermuda, Azores, Iberian Peninsula
Damage (US$)
>$11.7 million
Deaths
None
Humberto
Humberto
Stormname
Humberto
Dates active
September 24 – October 1
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Category 5 hurricane
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
160 (260)
Min.press.(mbar)
924
Areas affected
Bermuda, East Coast of the United States
Damage (US$)
Minimal
Deaths
None
Imelda
Imelda
Stormname
Imelda
Dates active
September 27 – October 2
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Category 2 hurricane
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
100 (155)
Min.press.(mbar)
966
Areas affected
Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Southeastern United States, Bermuda
Damage (US$)
>$10 million
Deaths
5
Jerry
Jerry
Stormname
Jerry
Dates active
October 7–11
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
65 (100)
Min.press.(mbar)
999
Areas affected
Lesser Antilles
Damage (US$)
Minimal
Deaths
1
Karen
Karen
Stormname
Karen
Dates active
October 9–10
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Subtropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
45 (75)
Min.press.(mbar)
998
Areas affected
None
Damage (US$)
None
Deaths
None
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Stormname
Lorenzo
Dates active
October 13–15
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Tropical storm
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
60 (95)
Min.press.(mbar)
1000
Areas affected
None
Damage (US$)
None
Deaths
None
Melissa
Melissa
Stormname
Melissa
Dates active
October 21–31
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Category 5 hurricane
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
185 (295)
Min.press.(mbar)
892
Areas affected
Windward Islands, Greater Antilles (particularly Jamaica, Hispaniola, and eastern Cuba), Coastal Colombia, Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, Coastal Northeastern United States
Damage (US$)
$10 billion
Deaths
102
Season aggregates
Season aggregates
Stormname
Season aggregates
13 systems
13 systems
Stormname
13 systems
Dates active
June 23 – October 31
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
185 (295)
Min.press.(mbar)
892
Damage (US$)
>$10.555 billion
Deaths
134
Stormname
Dates active
Storm categoryat peak intensity
Max 1-minwindmph (km/h)
Min.press.(mbar)
Areas affected
Damage (US$)
Deaths
Ref(s).
Andrea
June 23–24
Tropical storm
40 (65)
1014
None
None
None
Barry
June 28–30
Tropical storm
45 (75)
1006
Northern Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico, South Texas
million
8
Chantal
July 4–7
Tropical storm
60 (95)
1002
Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States
$500 million
6
Dexter
August 3–6
Tropical storm
60 (95)
999
None
None
None
Erin
August 11–22
Category 5 hurricane
160 (260)
915
Cape Verde, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Lucayan Archipelago, East Coast of the United States, Bermuda, Coastal Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Iceland
>$1 million
12
Fernand
August 23–27
Tropical storm
60 (95)
999
None
None
None
Gabrielle
September 17–25
Category 4 hurricane
140 (220)
948
East Coast of the United States, Bermuda, Azores, Iberian Peninsula
million
None
Humberto
September 24 – October 1
Category 5 hurricane
160 (260)
924
Bermuda, East Coast of the United States
Minimal
None
Imelda
September 27 – October 2
Category 2 hurricane
100 (155)
966
Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Southeastern United States, Bermuda
>$10 million
5
Jerry
October 7–11
Tropical storm
65 (100)
999
Lesser Antilles
Minimal
1
Karen
October 9–10
Subtropical storm
45 (75)
998
None
None
None
Lorenzo
October 13–15
Tropical storm
60 (95)
1000
None
None
None
Melissa
October 21–31
Category 5 hurricane
185 (295)
892
Windward Islands, Greater Antilles (particularly Jamaica, Hispaniola, and eastern Cuba), Coastal Colombia, Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, Coastal Northeastern United States
$10 billion
102
Season aggregates
13 systems
June 23 – October 31
185 (295)
892
billion
134

References

  1. Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher—1-minute sustained winds higher than 110 miles per hour (178 km/h)—on the Saff
  2. September 10 is the climatological mid-point of the Atlantic hurricane season.
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    https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/Background.html
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    http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic
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  7. Tropical Storm Risk
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  8. University of Arizona
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  9. University of Missouri Atmospheric Science Research
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  10. North Carolina State News
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  29. "Tropical Storm Andrea forms in the remote central Atlantic"
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  32. "Hurricane season to continue on pause for a while"
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  34. Houston Chronicle
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  35. "Tropical Storm Chantal makes landfall in South Carolina"
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  36. "Dexter becomes the Atlantic's fourth named storm of 2025"
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  38. "Tropical Storm Erin forms, could become first hurricane in Atlantic Ocean this season"
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  39. "Hurricane Erin rapidly intensifies into dangerous Category 5 storm, unleashing 160 mph winds in its path"
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  41. "Maps show Tropical Storm Fernand's path and forecast in Atlantic"
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  43. "Tropical Storm Gabrielle forms, ending the Atlantic's strange drought. It could become a hurricane"
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  45. "Hurricane Gabrielle makes a run for the Azores"
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  46. "Tropical Storm Humberto Forms Hundreds Of Miles East Of The Caribbean; Second, Larger East Coast Threat Could Form In Coming Days"
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  51. "Tropical Storm Lorenzo (Recap)"
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  52. "Tropical Storm Melissa continues moving west, track still uncertain"
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  79. Tropical Storm Chantal Discussion Number 7
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  80. Tropical Depression Chantal Discussion Number 8
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  81. Post-Tropical Cyclone Chantal Advisory Number 12
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  87. NWS says tornado hit Lee County, damaging Raleigh Executive Jetport; trees knocked down nearby. CBS17.com. July 6, 2025.
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  93. Tropical Storm Dexter Discussion Number 6
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  94. Tropical Storm Dexter Discussion Number 11
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  95. Post-Tropical Cyclone Dexter Discussion Number 15
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al04/al042025.discus.015.shtml
  96. Seven-Day Tropical Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202508091200&basin=atl&fdays=7
  97. Special Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202508101335&basin=atl&fdays=7
  98. Tropical Storm Erin Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.001.shtml
  99. National Hurricane Center
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.002.shtml
  100. National Hurricane Center
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.004.shtml
  101. Tropical Storm Erin Discussion Number 10
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.010.shtml
  102. Tropical Storm Erin Discussion Number 16
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.016.shtml
  103. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 17
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.017.shtml
  104. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 19
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.019.shtml
  105. Hurricane Erin Tropical Cyclone Update
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.update.08160950.shtml
  106. Hurricane Erin Tropical Cyclone Update
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.update.08161520.shtml
  107. Hurricane Erin Advisory Number 22
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.public.022.shtml
  108. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 23
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.023.shtml
  109. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 24
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.024.shtml
  110. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 27
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.027.shtml
  111. Hurricane Erin Advisory Number 31
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.public.031.shtml
  112. Hurricane Erin Intermediate Advisory Number 39A
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.public_a.039.shtml
  113. Hurricane Erin Discussion Number 44
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al05/al052025.discus.044.shtml
  114. The Watchers
    https://watchers.news/2025/08/12/seven-killed-tropical-storm-erin-flood-sao-vicente-cape-verde/
  115. Expresso das Ilhas
    https://expressodasilhas.cv/pais/2025/08/11/governo-declara-estado-de-calamidade-em-sao-vicente-e-santo-antao/98445
  116. "Review of Global Catastrophe Activity August 15, 2025"
    https://img.clients.aonunited.com/Web/Aon5/%7B71787aee-fcca-4d6a-b438-400609ddf13b%7D_20250815-1-cat-alert.pdf?utm_source=slipcase&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=slipcase
  117. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/17/erin-downgraded-to-category-3-hurricane-nhc-says
  118. Eye Witness News
    https://ewnews.com/hurricane-erin-strengthens-to-category-four-southeast-bahamas-feels-impact/
  119. "Hombre muere ahogado en playa de La Romana en medio de alertas por huracán Erin"
    https://n.com.do/2025/08/19/hombre-muere-ahogado-en-playa-de-la-romana-en-medio-de-alertas-por-huracan-erin/
  120. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/aug/20/hurricane-erin-east-coast-storm-surge
  121. "Hurricane Erin exits stage right as new systems bubble in Atlantic"
    https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/08/hurricane-erin-exits-stage-right-as-new-systems-bubble-in-atlantic/
  122. TROPICAL STORM FERNAND (AL062025) 23–27 August 2025
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062025_Fernand.pdf
  123. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.001.shtml
  124. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 5
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.005.shtml
  125. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 10
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.010.shtml
  126. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 12
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.012.shtml
  127. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 13
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.013.shtml
  128. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 14
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.014.shtml
  129. Tropical Storm Fernand Discussion Number 18
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.018.shtml
  130. Post-Tropical Cyclone Fernand Discussion Number 19
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al06/al062025.discus.019.shtml
  131. Deutscher Wetterdienst
    https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2025/Analyse_20250829.gif
  132. Deutscher Wetterdienst
    https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2025/Analyse_20250830.gif
  133. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509120600&basin=atl&fdays=7
  134. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509150600&basin=atl&fdays=7
  135. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509161200&basin=atl&fdays=7
  136. Tropical Depression Seven Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.001.shtml
  137. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 2
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.002.shtml
  138. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 3
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.003.shtml
  139. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 7
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.007.shtml
  140. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 11
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.011.shtml
  141. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 14
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.014.shtml
  142. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 18
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.018.shtml
  143. Tropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion Number 19
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.019.shtml
  144. Hurricane Gabrielle Discussion Number 21
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.021.shtml
  145. Hurricane Gabrielle Discussion Number 23
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.023.shtml
  146. Hurricane Gabrielle Special Discussion Number 22
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.022.shtml
  147. Hurricane Gabrielle Advisory Number 24
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.public.024.shtml
  148. Hurricane Gabrielle Advisory Number 27
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.public.027.shtml
  149. Hurricane Gabrielle Advisory Number 28
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.public.028.shtml
  150. Hurricane Gabrielle Advisory Number 31
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.public.031.shtml
  151. Post-Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle Discussion Number 36
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al07/al072025.discus.036.shtml
  152. The Weather Channel
    https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2025-09-22-hurricane-gabrielle-forecast-atlantic
  153. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/hurricane-warning-gabrielle-azores-atlantic-narda-pacific-c6246438d348909b47b856ec3bb5c085
  154. Accuweather
    https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/gabrielle-sending-drenching-rain-gusty-winds-to-portugal-spain/1819267
  155. PÚBLICO
    https://www.publico.pt/2025/09/26/sociedade/noticia/gabrielle-chegou-acores-ciclone-postropical-faial-regista-rajada-123-kmh-2148596
  156. "Weekly Cat Report Review of Global Catastrophe Activity October 3, 2025"
    https://img.clients.aonunited.com/Web/Aon5/%7B3fc340e5-a10b-4604-8c26-367cd35e9307%7D_20251003-1-cat-alert.pdf?utm_source=slipcase&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=slipcase
  157. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509190600&basin=atl&fdays=7
  158. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509230000&basin=atl&fdays=7
  159. Tropical Storm Humberto Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.001.shtml
  160. Tropical Storm Humberto Discussion Number 5
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.005.shtml
  161. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 7
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.007.shtml
  162. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 10
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.010.shtml
  163. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 12
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.012.shtml
  164. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 13
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.013.shtml
  165. Hurricane Humberto Advisory Number 13
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.public.013.shtml
  166. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 15
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.015.shtml
  167. Hurricane Humberto Advisory Number 16
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.public.016.shtml
  168. Hurricane Humberto Advisory Number 22
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.public.022.shtml
  169. Hurricane Humberto Advisory Number 24
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.public.024.shtml
  170. Hurricane Humberto Advisory Number 27
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.public.027.shtml
  171. Remnants Of Humberto Discussion Number 28
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.028.shtml
  172. "Storm Amy upgraded to amber warning"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czjv2rw3lkjo
  173. Hurricane Humberto Discussion Number 17
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al08/al082025.discus.017.shtml
  174. "Rain from outer bands of Hurricane Humberto drench Bermuda"
    https://www.foxweather.com/watch/fmc-i0xlmksnh9r0prgp
  175. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-09-27/tropical-weather-in-the-atlantic-is-slamming-the-caribbean-and-may-strike-southeast-us-next
  176. The Watchers
    https://watchers.news/2025/09/29/1-dead-in-florida-due-to-rip-currents-generated-by-hurricane-humberto-and-tropical-storm-imelda/
  177. Key Biscayne Independent
    https://kbindependent.org/2025/12/01/record-intensity-rare-reprieve-2025-hurricane-season-spares-u-s-for-most-part/
  178. National Hurricane Center
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509211800&basin=atl&fdays=7
  179. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509260000&basin=atl&fdays=7
  180. Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.001.shtml
  181. Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Number 4
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.004.shtml
  182. Tropical Storm Imelda Intermediate Advisory Number 8A
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.public_a.008.shtml
  183. Tropical Storm Imelda Advisory Number 15
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.015.shtml
  184. Hurricane Imelda Intermediate Advisory Number 15A
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.public_a.015.shtml
  185. Hurricane Imelda Discussion Number 20
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.020.shtml
  186. Hurricane Imelda Discussion Number 22
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.022.shtml
  187. Post-Tropical Cyclone Imelda Discussion Number 24
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al09/al092025.discus.024.shtml
  188. "Gabrielle heads for Azores while Humberto and 94L brew in NW Atlantic"
    https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/09/gabrielle-heads-for-azores-while-humberto-and-94l-brew-in-nw-atlantic/
  189. WAPA.TV
    https://wapa.tv/noticias/locales/profundo-dolor-joven-muerto-en-inundaci-n-de-yauco-era-due-o-de-panader-a/article_838ec8f8-e16e-48ee-bd29-bc490916231d.html
  190. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/gabrielle-humberto-narda-hurricane-tropical-azores-portugal-6b78b12a4dc955053118e4bb62989dea
  191. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202509261800&basin=atl&fdays=7
  192. "LIVE RADAR | Conditions around the First Coast as Imelda brings high surf, gusty winds"
    https://www.firstcoastnews.com/video/news/live_breaking/live-radar-conditions-around-the-first-coast-as-imelda-brings-high-surf-gusty-winds/77-b27e9478-e77f-422f-a7b0-33f188b9b3cb
  193. "Hurricanes Humberto, Imelda create deadly rip currents, trigger flood threat for US East Coast"
    https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/least-1-dead-rip-currents-135922534.html
  194. WITN-TV
    https://www.witn.com/2025/10/02/seventh-obx-home-destroyed-by-imelda-valued-800000/
  195. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202510031800&basin=atl&fdays=7
  196. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202510041800&basin=atl&fdays=7
  197. Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.001.shtml
  198. Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion Number 2
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.001.shtml
  199. Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion Number 7
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.007.shtml
  200. Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion Number 11
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.011.shtml
  201. Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion Number 14
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.014.shtml
  202. Remnants Of Jerry Discussion Number 18
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al10/al102025.discus.018.shtml
  203. Antigua News
    https://antigua.news/2025/10/11/tropical-storm-jerry-moves-north-after-drenching-antigua-and-barbuda/
  204. Antigua News - Breaking stories that captivate
    https://antigua.news/2025/10/10/watch-major-flooding-at-met-office/
  205. France-Antilles
    https://www.martinique.franceantilles.fr/inondations-en-guadeloupe-les-images-marquantes-de-la-nuit-apres-la-tempete-jerry-1053576.php
  206. Guadeloupe la 1ère
    https://la1ere.franceinfo.fr/guadeloupe/grande-terre/abymes/en-images-tempete-jerry-la-resilience-des-commercants-de-petit-perou-victimes-recurrentes-d-inondations-1631996.html
  207. guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr
    https://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/faits-divers/tempete-jerry-la-guadeloupe-sous-les-eaux-de-nombreuses-interventions-en-cours-1053549.php
  208. 20 Minutes
    https://www.20minutes.fr/planete/4178623-20251010-tempete-tropicale-jerry-guadeloupe-repasse-vigilance-orange-automobiliste-retrouve-mort
  209. RTL
    https://www.rtl.fr/actu/justice-faits-divers/tempete-jerry-un-mort-a-deplorer-en-guadeloupe-7900551823
  210. The Daily Herald
    https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/prime-minister-orders-closure-of-government-offices-on-friday-due-to-tropical-storm-jerry
  211. National Hurricane Center
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112025_Karen.pdf
  212. Post-Tropical Cyclone Karen Discussion Number 4
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al11/al112025.discus.004.shtml
  213. National Hurricane Center
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122025_Lorenzo.pdf
  214. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202510110600&basin=atl&fdays=7
  215. Tropical Weather Outlook
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=202510121800&basin=atl&fdays=7
  216. Tropical Storm Lorenzo Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al12/al122025.discus.001.shtml
  217. Tropical Storm Lorenzo Discussion Number 6
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al12/al122025.discus.006.shtml
  218. Tropical Storm Lorenzo Discussion Number 8
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al12/al122025.discus.008.shtml
  219. Tropical Storm Lorenzo Discussion Number 11
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al12/al122025.discus.011.shtml
  220. "Tropical disturbance poses torrential rainfall threat for the central Caribbean"
    https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/10/tropical-disturbance-poses-torrential-rainfall-threat-for-the-central-caribbean/
  221. Tropical Storm Melissa Discussion Number 1
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.001.shtml
  222. "Melissa's slowdown is bad news for the central Caribbean"
    https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/10/melissas-slowdown-is-bad-news-for-the-central-caribbean/
  223. Tropical Storm Melissa Discussion Number 14
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.014.shtml
  224. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 18
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.018.shtml
  225. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 20
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.020.shtml
  226. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 24
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.024.shtml
  227. Hurricane Melissa Tropical Cyclone Update
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.update.10281400.shtml
  228. Hurricane Melissa Tropical Cyclone Update
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.update.10281700.shtml
  229. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 30
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.030.shtml
  230. Tropical Storm Melissa Advisory Number 30A
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.public_a.030.shtml
  231. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.public.031.shtml
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.public.031.shtml
  232. Hurricane Melissa Tropical Cyclone Update
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.update.10290710.shtml
  233. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 33
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.033.shtml
  234. Hurricane Melissa Discussion Number 34
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.discus.034.shtml
  235. "Hurricane Melissa heading toward Bermuda as Category 2 storm, NHC says"
    https://www.wesh.com/article/hurricane-melissa-jamaica-bermuda-track/69200274
  236. Hurricane Melissa Intermediate Advisory Number 39A
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.public_a.039.shtml
  237. Post-Tropical Cyclone Melissa Discussion Number 41
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2025/al13/al132025.public.041.shtml
  238. Coast Reporter
    https://www.coastreporter.net/world-news/hurricane-melissa-leaves-25-dead-in-haiti-causes-widespread-damage-in-jamaica-and-cuba-11412768
  239. "Tropical Storm Melissa lumbers through the Caribbean, killing an elderly man in Haiti"
    https://apnews.com/article/tropical-storm-melissa-haiti-dominican-republic-jamaica-f7babba822aed380e634334f2701fc5a
  240. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/tropical-storm-melissa-haiti-jamaica-b2851495.html
  241. www.nbcnews.com
    https://www.nbcnews.com/weather/storms/haiti-tropical-storm-melissa-heavy-rain-devasting-floods-rcna239524
  242. "Tormenta Melissa deja más de un millón de hogares y negocios sin agua y 183 viviendas afectadas"
    https://www.diariolibre.com/planeta/clima/2025/10/24/melissa-deja-mas-de-un-millon-sin-agua-y-183-viviendas-afectadas/3288709
  243. Cadena de Noticias
    https://cdn.com.do/clima/mendez-inundaciones-afectados-melissa/
  244. Sun Sentinel
    https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2025/10/27/hurricane-melissa-heres-how-to-help-the-caribbean/
  245. Sun Sentinel
    https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2025/10/27/hurricane-melissa-heres-how-to-help-the-caribbean/
  246. Periódico Sierra Maestra
    https://www.sierramaestra.cu/index.php/titulares/item/14695-ayuda-humanitaria-llega-a-santiago-de-cuba-para-provincias-afectadas-por-melissa
  247. "Tropical Cyclone Names"
    https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml
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  250. "Weekly Cat Report Review of Global Catastrophe Activity July 11, 2025"
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  252. "São Vicente/Chuvas: Número de mortos sobe para sete – ministro"
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