2021 Dutch general election

General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks, the sitting government remained in power. The elections had originally been scheduled to take place on 17 March; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government decided to open some polling stations two days in advance to ensure safe voting for elderly and immunocompromised citizens. Citizens aged 70 years or older were also given the opportunity to vote by post.

Infobox

Turnout

78.71% ( 3.22 pp)

Party

Party Leader Vote % Seats /– VVD Mark Rutte 21.87 34 1 D66 Sigrid Kaag 15.02 24 5 PVV Geert Wilders 10.79 17 −3 CDA Wopke Hoekstra 9.50 15 −4 SP Lilian Marijnissen 5.98 9 −5 PvdA Lilianne Ploumen 5.73 9 0 GL Jesse Klaver 5.16 8 −6 FvD Thierry Baudet 5.02 8 6 PvdD Esther Ouwehand 3.84 6 1 CU Gert-Jan Segers 3.37 5 0 Volt Laurens Dassen 2.42 3 New JA21 Joost Eerdmans 2.37 3 New SGP Kees van der Staaij 2.07 3 0 Denk Farid Azarkan 2.03 3 0 50 Liane den Haan 1.02 1 −3 BBB Caroline van der Plas 1.00 1 New BIJ1 Sylvana Simons 0.84 1 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.Most voted-for party by municipality Cabinet before Cabinet after Third Rutte cabinetVVD–CDA–D66–CU Fourth Rutte cabinetVVD–D66–CDA–CU

Tables

Party		Leader	Vote %	Seats	+/–
	VVD	Mark Rutte	21.87	34	+1
	D66	Sigrid Kaag	15.02	24	+5
	PVV	Geert Wilders	10.79	17	−3
	CDA	Wopke Hoekstra	9.50	15	−4
	SP	Lilian Marijnissen	5.98	9	−5
	PvdA	Lilianne Ploumen	5.73	9	0
	GL	Jesse Klaver	5.16	8	−6
	FvD	Thierry Baudet	5.02	8	+6
	PvdD	Esther Ouwehand	3.84	6	+1
	CU	Gert-Jan Segers	3.37	5	0
	Volt	Laurens Dassen	2.42	3	New
	JA21	Joost Eerdmans	2.37	3	New
	SGP	Kees van der Staaij	2.07	3	0
	Denk	Farid Azarkan	2.03	3	0
	50+	Liane den Haan	1.02	1	−3
	BBB	Caroline van der Plas	1.00	1	New
	BIJ1	Sylvana Simons	0.84	1	+1

Parties that met the requirements to participate in the election[11] · Participating parties

List

Party

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Party

VVD

Lead candidate

Mark Rutte

Main ideology

Conservative liberalism

Position

Centre-right

2017 result

21.3% (33 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Party for Freedom

Party

PVV

Lead candidate

Geert Wilders

Main ideology

Right-wing populism

Position

Right-wing to far-right

2017 result

13.1% (20 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Christian Democratic Appeal

Party

CDA

Lead candidate

Wopke Hoekstra

Main ideology

Christian democracy

Position

Centre-right

2017 result

12.4% (19 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Democrats 66

Party

D66

Lead candidate

Sigrid Kaag

Main ideology

Social liberalism

Position

Centre

2017 result

12.2% (19 seats)

Districts

List

Party

GroenLinks

Party

Lead candidate

Jesse Klaver

Main ideology

Green politics

Position

Centre-left to left-wing

2017 result

9.1% (14 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Socialist Party

Party

Lead candidate

Lilian Marijnissen

Main ideology

Democratic socialism

Position

Left-wing

2017 result

9.1% (14 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Labour Party

Party

PvdA

Lead candidate

Lilianne Ploumen

Main ideology

Social democracy

Position

Centre-left

2017 result

5.7% (9 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Christian Union

Party

Lead candidate

Gert-Jan Segers

Main ideology

Christian democracy

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

3.4% (5 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Party for the Animals

Party

PvdD

Lead candidate

Esther Ouwehand

Main ideology

Animal rights

Position

Left-wing

2017 result

3.2% (5 seats)

Districts

List

Party

50PLUS

Party

50+

Lead candidate

Liane den Haan

Main ideology

Pensioners' interests

Position

Centre

2017 result

3.1% (4 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Reformed Political Party

Party

SGP

Lead candidate

Kees van der Staaij

Main ideology

Christian right

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

2.1% (3 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Denk

Party

Denk

Lead candidate

Farid Azarkan

Main ideology

Minority rights

Position

Centre-left

2017 result

2.1% (3 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Forum for Democracy

Party

FVD

Lead candidate

Thierry Baudet

Main ideology

National conservatism

Position

Right-wing to far-right

2017 result

1.8% (2 seats)

Districts

List

Party

BIJ1

Party

BIJ1

Lead candidate

Sylvana Simons

Main ideology

Anti-capitalism

Position

Far-left

2017 result

0.3% (0 seats)

Districts

List

Party

JA21

Party

JA21

Lead candidate

Joost Eerdmans

Main ideology

Conservative liberalism

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Code Orange

Party

Lead candidate

Richard de Mos

Main ideology

Direct democracy

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Volt Netherlands

Party

VOLT

Lead candidate

Laurens Dassen

Main ideology

European federalism

Position

Centre

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

NIDA

Party

NIDA

Lead candidate

Nourdin El Ouali

Main ideology

Islamic democracy

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Pirate Party

Party

PPNL

Lead candidate

Matthijs Pontier

Main ideology

Pirate politics

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

0.3% (0 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Libertarian Party

Party

Lead candidate

Robert Valentine

Main ideology

Libertarianism

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

0.01% (0 seats)

Districts

List

Party

JONG

Party

JONG

Lead candidate

Jaron Tichelaar

Main ideology

Youth politics

Position

Centre

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Splinter

Party

SPL

Lead candidate

Femke Merel van Kooten

Main ideology

Social liberalism

Position

Centre-left

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Farmer–Citizen Movement

Party

BBB

Lead candidate

Caroline van der Plas

Main ideology

Agrarianism

Position

Centre-right

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

NLBeter

Party

NLB

Lead candidate

Esther van Fenema

Main ideology

Public sector interests

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Henk Krol List

Party

LHK

Lead candidate

Henk Krol

Main ideology

Progressive conservatism

Position

Centre-right

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

OpRecht

Party

Lead candidate

Michael Ruperti

Main ideology

National conservatism

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Jezus Leeft

Party

Lead candidate

Florens van der Spek

Main ideology

Evangelism

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

0.03% (0 seats)

Districts

List

Party

Proud of the Netherlands

Party

ToN

Lead candidate

Sander van den Raadt

Main ideology

Conservative liberalism

Position

Right-wing

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Ubuntu Connected Front

Party

UCF

Lead candidate

Regillio Vaarnold

Main ideology

Ubuntuism

Position

Centre-left

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Blank list

Party

Anna Zeven

Lead candidate

COVID-19 scepticism

Main ideology

Centre

Position

—

2017 result

List

Party

Party of Unity

Party

PvdE

Lead candidate

Arnoud van Doorn

Main ideology

Islamism

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

The Party Party

Party

DFP

Lead candidate

Johan Vlemmix

Main ideology

Joke party

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Free and Social Netherlands

Party

VSN

Lead candidate

Bas Filippini

Main ideology

COVID-19 scepticism

Position

Centre

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

We Are the Netherlands

Party

WZNL

Lead candidate

Erwin Versteeg

Main ideology

Ethnic nationalism

Position

Far-right

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Modern Netherlands

Party

Lead candidate

Niels Heeze

Main ideology

E-democracy

Position

Syncretic

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

The Greens

Party

Lead candidate

Otto ter Haar

Main ideology

Green politics

Position

Centre

2017 result

—

Districts

List

Party

Party for the Republic

Party

PvdR

Lead candidate

Bruno Braakhuis

Main ideology

Republicanism

Position

Centre

2017 result

—

Districts

List	Party			Lead candidate	Main ideology	Position	2017 result	Districts
1		People's Party for Freedom and Democracy	VVD	Mark Rutte	Conservative liberalism	Centre-right	seats)	20
2		Party for Freedom	PVV	Geert Wilders	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	seats)	20
3		Christian Democratic Appeal	CDA	Wopke Hoekstra	Christian democracy	Centre-right	seats)	20
4		Democrats 66	D66	Sigrid Kaag	Social liberalism	Centre	seats)	20
5		GroenLinks	GL	Jesse Klaver	Green politics	Centre-left to left-wing	seats)	20
6		Socialist Party	SP	Lilian Marijnissen	Democratic socialism	Left-wing	seats)	20
7		Labour Party	PvdA	Lilianne Ploumen	Social democracy	Centre-left	seats)	20
8		Christian Union	CU	Gert-Jan Segers	Christian democracy	Syncretic	seats)	20
9		Party for the Animals	PvdD	Esther Ouwehand	Animal rights	Left-wing	seats)	20
10		50PLUS	50+	Liane den Haan	Pensioners' interests	Centre	seats)	20
11		Reformed Political Party	SGP	Kees van der Staaij	Christian right	Right-wing	seats)	20
12		Denk	Denk	Farid Azarkan	Minority rights	Centre-left	seats)	20
13		Forum for Democracy	FVD	Thierry Baudet	National conservatism	Right-wing to far-right	seats)	20
14		BIJ1	BIJ1	Sylvana Simons	Anti-capitalism	Far-left	seats)	20
15		JA21	JA21	Joost Eerdmans	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing	—	20
16		Code Orange	CO	Richard de Mos	Direct democracy	Syncretic	—	20
17		Volt Netherlands	VOLT	Laurens Dassen	European federalism	Centre	—	20
18		NIDA	NIDA	Nourdin El Ouali	Islamic democracy	Syncretic	—	20
19		Pirate Party	PPNL	Matthijs Pontier	Pirate politics	Syncretic	seats)	20
20		Libertarian Party	LP	Robert Valentine	Libertarianism	Right-wing	seats)	20
21		JONG	JONG	Jaron Tichelaar	Youth politics	Centre	—	19
22		Splinter	SPL	Femke Merel van Kooten	Social liberalism	Centre-left	—	19
23		Farmer–Citizen Movement	BBB	Caroline van der Plas	Agrarianism	Centre-right	—	19
24		NLBeter	NLB	Esther van Fenema	Public sector interests	Syncretic	—	19
25		Henk Krol List	LHK	Henk Krol	Progressive conservatism	Centre-right	—	19
26		OpRecht	OR	Michael Ruperti	National conservatism	Right-wing	—	19
27		Jezus Leeft	JL	Florens van der Spek	Evangelism	Right-wing	seats)	16
28		Proud of the Netherlands	ToN	Sander van den Raadt	Conservative liberalism	Right-wing	—	13
29		Ubuntu Connected Front	UCF	Regillio Vaarnold	Ubuntuism	Centre-left	—	13
30		Blank list		Anna Zeven	COVID-19 scepticism	Centre	—	12
31		Party of Unity	PvdE	Arnoud van Doorn	Islamism	Syncretic	—	8
32		The Party Party	DFP	Johan Vlemmix	Joke party	Syncretic	—	8
33		Free and Social Netherlands	VSN	Bas Filippini	COVID-19 scepticism	Centre	—	6
34		We Are the Netherlands	WZNL	Erwin Versteeg	Ethnic nationalism	Far-right	—	6
35		Modern Netherlands	MN	Niels Heeze	E-democracy	Syncretic	—	4
36		The Greens	DG	Otto ter Haar	Green politics	Centre	—	2
37		Party for the Republic	PvdR	Bruno Braakhuis	Republicanism	Centre	—	2

2021 Dutch general election debates[12] · Campaign › Debates

Azarkan

Date

Azarkan

Organisers

Baudet

Channel

Den Haan

Venue

Hoekstra

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Kaag

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Klaver

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Marijnissen

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Ouwehand

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Ploumen

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Rutte

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Segers

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Van der Staaij

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Wilders

26 February

Date

26 February

Organisers

NOS

Channel

NPO Radio 1

Venue

Oude Zaal, Binnenhof, The Hague

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

28 February

Date

28 February

Organisers

RTL Nieuws

Channel

RTL 4

Venue

Felix Meritis, Amsterdam

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

15 March

Date

15 March

Organisers

EenVandaag

Channel

NPO 1

Venue

Koninklijke Schouwburg, The Hague

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

16 March

Date

16 March

Organisers

NOS

Channel

Statenpassage, Binnenhof, The Hague

Venue

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Date

Organisers

Channel

Venue

P Present A Absent invitee NI Non-invitee

Azarkan

Baudet

Den Haan

Hoekstra

Kaag

Klaver

Marijnissen

Ouwehand

Ploumen

Rutte

Segers

Van der Staaij

Wilders

26 February

NOS

NPO Radio 1

Oude Zaal, Binnenhof, The Hague

28 February

RTL Nieuws

RTL 4

Felix Meritis, Amsterdam

15 March

EenVandaag

NPO 1

Koninklijke Schouwburg, The Hague

16 March

NOS

Statenpassage, Binnenhof, The Hague

· Results

Party

Col 1

Party

Col 2

Votes

Col 3

Col 4

+/–

Col 5

Seats

Col 6

+/–

Total

Col 1

Total

Col 2

10,422,852

Col 3

100.00

Col 4

–

Col 5

150

Col 6

Valid votes

Col 1

Valid votes

Col 2

10,422,852

Col 3

99.62

Invalid/blank votes

Col 1

Invalid/blank votes

Col 2

39,825

Col 3

0.38

Total votes

Col 1

Total votes

Col 2

10,462,677

Col 3

100.00

Registered voters/turnout

Col 1

Registered voters/turnout

Col 2

13,293,186

Col 3

78.71

Source: Kiesraad

Col 1

Source: Kiesraad


Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy	2,279,130	21.87	+0.58	34	+1
	Democrats 66	1,565,861	15.02	+2.79	24	+5
	Party for Freedom	1,124,482	10.79	−2.27	17	−3
	Christian Democratic Appeal	990,601	9.50	−2.88	15	−4
	Socialist Party	623,371	5.98	−3.11	9	−5
	Labour Party	597,192	5.73	+0.03	9	0
	GroenLinks	537,308	5.16	−3.97	8	−6
	Forum for Democracy	523,083	5.02	+3.24	8	+6
	Party for the Animals	399,750	3.84	+0.65	6	+1
	Christian Union	351,275	3.37	−0.02	5	0
	Volt Netherlands	252,480	2.42	New	3	New
	JA21	246,620	2.37	New	3	New
	Reformed Political Party	215,249	2.07	−0.01	3	0
	Denk	211,237	2.03	−0.03	3	0
	50PLUS	106,702	1.02	−2.09	1	−3
	Farmer–Citizen Movement	104,319	1.00	New	1	New
	BIJ1	87,238	0.84	+0.57	1	+1
	Code Orange	40,731	0.39	New	0	New
	NIDA	33,834	0.32	New	0	New
	Splinter	30,328	0.29	New	0	New
	Pirate Party	22,816	0.22	−0.12	0	0
	JONG	15,297	0.15	New	0	New
	Trots op Nederland	13,198	0.13	+0.13	0	0
	Henk Krol List	9,264	0.09	New	0	New
	NLBeter	8,657	0.08	New	0	New
	List 30	8,277	0.08	New	0	New
	Libertarian Party	5,546	0.05	+0.04	0	0
	OpRecht [nl]	5,449	0.05	New	0	New
	Jezus Leeft	5,015	0.05	+0.02	0	0
	The Party Party	3,744	0.04	New	0	New
	Ubuntu Connected Front	1,880	0.02	New	0	New
	Free and Social Netherlands [nl]	942	0.01	New	0	New
	Party of Unity [nl]	804	0.01	New	0	New
	We are the Netherlands [nl]	553	0.01	New	0	New
	Party for the Republic	255	0.00	New	0	New
	Modern Netherlands [nl]	245	0.00	New	0	New
	The Greens	119	0.00	+0.00	0	0
Total		10,422,852	100.00	–	150	0
Valid votes		10,422,852	99.62
Invalid/blank votes		39,825	0.38
Total votes		10,462,677	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		13,293,186	78.71
Source: Kiesraad

Results by province[19] · Results › By province

Drenthe

Province

Drenthe

VVD

20.4

D66

12.7

PVV

12.4

CDA

11.0

8.7

PvdA

7.5

4.0

FvD

5.6

PvdD

3.3

4.6

Volt

1.4

JA21

2.1

SGP

0.8

Denk

0.3

50+

1.1

BBB

2.2

BIJ1

0.2

Others

1.9

Flevoland

Province

Flevoland

VVD

21.1

D66

12.1

PVV

12.2

CDA

7.9

5.7

PvdA

4.8

4.3

FvD

7.0

PvdD

3.6

4.2

Volt

1.7

JA21

2.6

SGP

4.1

Denk

2.5

50+

1.2

BBB

0.9

BIJ1

1.9

Others

2.4

Friesland

Province

Friesland

VVD

17.2

D66

12.0

PVV

10.8

CDA

14.6

7.1

PvdA

8.9

3.9

FvD

7.4

PvdD

3.6

5.0

Volt

1.5

JA21

2.0

SGP

1.0

Denk

0.3

50+

0.8

BBB

2.3

BIJ1

0.2

Others

1.7

Gelderland

Province

Gelderland

VVD

22.1

D66

14.3

PVV

10.1

CDA

10.4

5.7

PvdA

5.4

5.3

FvD

4.5

PvdD

3.6

4.6

Volt

2.1

JA21

2.1

SGP

4.1

Denk

1.3

50+

0.9

BBB

1.5

BIJ1

0.4

Others

1.6

Groningen

Province

Groningen

VVD

14.9

D66

15.4

PVV

10.2

CDA

8.8

9.5

PvdA

9.1

6.5

FvD

5.1

PvdD

4.4

5.5

Volt

2.9

JA21

1.6

SGP

0.8

Denk

0.5

50+

0.9

BBB

1.7

BIJ1

0.6

Others

1.8

Limburg

Province

Limburg

VVD

20.9

D66

12.6

PVV

17.2

CDA

11.1

7.7

PvdA

7.0

4.1

FvD

6.5

PvdD

3.5

0.7

Volt

1.6

JA21

2.0

SGP

0.1

Denk

1.0

50+

1.4

BBB

0.8

BIJ1

0.3

Others

1.8

North Brabant

Province

North Brabant

VVD

26.6

D66

15.1

PVV

11.8

CDA

10.0

7.7

PvdA

4.5

4.4

FvD

4.8

PvdD

3.2

1.2

Volt

2.2

JA21

2.2

SGP

0.5

Denk

1.6

50+

1.2

BBB

0.8

BIJ1

0.4

Others

1.9

North Holland

Province

North Holland

VVD

21.4

D66

18.4

PVV

9.1

CDA

6.7

5.3

PvdA

6.1

6.5

FvD

4.7

PvdD

5.2

1.8

Volt

3.4

JA21

2.4

SGP

0.3

Denk

2.9

50+

1.0

BBB

0.5

BIJ1

2.1

Others

2.4

Overijssel

Province

Overijssel

VVD

19.9

D66

12.2

PVV

10.4

CDA

15.9

5.5

PvdA

5.3

4.0

FvD

5.1

PvdD

2.6

5.7

Volt

1.9

JA21

2.0

SGP

3.1

Denk

1.3

50+

0.8

BBB

2.6

BIJ1

0.3

Others

1.5

South Holland

Province

South Holland

VVD

22.2

D66

14.9

PVV

10.9

CDA

7.5

4.9

PvdA

5.1

5.2

FvD

5.0

PvdD

3.9

3.8

Volt

2.5

JA21

3.1

SGP

2.9

Denk

3.4

50+

1.0

BBB

0.3

BIJ1

1.0

Others

2.4

Utrecht

Province

Utrecht

VVD

21.7

D66

18.6

PVV

7.9

CDA

8.3

4.0

PvdA

4.8

7.0

FvD

3.6

PvdD

4.2

4.9

Volt

3.5

JA21

2.2

SGP

2.7

Denk

2.8

50+

0.8

BBB

0.5

BIJ1

0.9

Others

1.8

Zeeland

Province

Zeeland

VVD

21.4

D66

10.3

PVV

10.7

CDA

10.8

5.6

PvdA

6.2

3.0

FvD

5.7

PvdD

3.3

4.6

Volt

1.2

JA21

2.5

SGP

9.7

Denk

0.6

50+

1.4

BBB

1.3

BIJ1

0.2

Others

1.5

Caribbean Netherlands

Province

Caribbean Netherlands

VVD

10.1

D66

12.3

PVV

3.9

CDA

30.8

2.0

PvdA

6.9

4.4

FvD

3.4

PvdD

3.2

4.0

Volt

1.1

JA21

0.8

SGP

0.2

Denk

2.3

50+

0.4

BBB

—

BIJ1

5.0

Others

9.1

Province	VVD	D66	PVV	CDA	SP	PvdA	GL	FvD	PvdD	CU	Volt	JA21	SGP	Denk	50+	BBB	BIJ1	Others
Province	Drenthe	20.4	12.7	12.4	11.0	8.7	7.5	4.0	5.6	3.3	4.6	1.4	2.1	0.8	0.3	1.1	2.2	Others	0.2	1.9
Flevoland	21.1	12.1	12.2	7.9	5.7	4.8	4.3	7.0	3.6	4.2	1.7	2.6	4.1	2.5	1.2	0.9	1.9	2.4
Friesland	17.2	12.0	10.8	14.6	7.1	8.9	3.9	7.4	3.6	5.0	1.5	2.0	1.0	0.3	0.8	2.3	0.2	1.7
Gelderland	22.1	14.3	10.1	10.4	5.7	5.4	5.3	4.5	3.6	4.6	2.1	2.1	4.1	1.3	0.9	1.5	0.4	1.6
Groningen	14.9	15.4	10.2	8.8	9.5	9.1	6.5	5.1	4.4	5.5	2.9	1.6	0.8	0.5	0.9	1.7	0.6	1.8
Limburg	20.9	12.6	17.2	11.1	7.7	7.0	4.1	6.5	3.5	0.7	1.6	2.0	0.1	1.0	1.4	0.8	0.3	1.8
North Brabant	26.6	15.1	11.8	10.0	7.7	4.5	4.4	4.8	3.2	1.2	2.2	2.2	0.5	1.6	1.2	0.8	0.4	1.9
North Holland	21.4	18.4	9.1	6.7	5.3	6.1	6.5	4.7	5.2	1.8	3.4	2.4	0.3	2.9	1.0	0.5	2.1	2.4
Overijssel	19.9	12.2	10.4	15.9	5.5	5.3	4.0	5.1	2.6	5.7	1.9	2.0	3.1	1.3	0.8	2.6	0.3	1.5
South Holland	22.2	14.9	10.9	7.5	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.0	3.9	3.8	2.5	3.1	2.9	3.4	1.0	0.3	1.0	2.4
Utrecht	21.7	18.6	7.9	8.3	4.0	4.8	7.0	3.6	4.2	4.9	3.5	2.2	2.7	2.8	0.8	0.5	0.9	1.8
Zeeland	21.4	10.3	10.7	10.8	5.6	6.2	3.0	5.7	3.3	4.6	1.2	2.5	9.7	0.6	1.4	1.3	0.2	1.5
Caribbean Netherlands	10.1	12.3	3.9	30.8	2.0	6.9	4.4	3.4	3.2	4.0	1.1	0.8	0.2	2.3	0.4	—	5.0	9.1

References

Rijksoverheid
https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/10/30/vervroegd-stemmen-wordt-mogelijk-bij-tweede-kamerverkiezingen-2021
JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjcms.13390
NOS
https://nos.nl/l/2354424
De Telegraaf
https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/927414/rutte-iii-76-kikkers-in-de-kruiwagen
Reformatorisch Dagblad
https://www.rd.nl/vandaag/politiek/kan-cu-in-kabinet-en-sgp-coalitie-gedogen-1.1384496
nos.nl
https://nos.nl/artikel/2303128-76ste-kamerlid-vooral-bekend-om-gedoe-met-zijn-pandjes.html
CNBC
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/15/dutch-government-resigns-after-childcare-benefits-scandal-.html
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/dutch-government-faces-collapse-over-child-benefits-scandal
Nederland, Parlementsverkiezingen, 15 maart 2017: Eindrapport
http://www.osce.org/nl/odihr/elections/netherlands/322761?download=true
Kiesraad
https://www.kiesraad.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/12/30/89-partijnamen-geregistreerd-voor-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2021
Kiesraad
https://www.kiesraad.nl/actueel/nieuws/2021/02/05/37-partijen-nemen-deel-aan-tweede-kamerverkiezing
Betrouwbare Bronnen
https://vriendvandeshow.nl/bb/episodes/166-verkiezingsdebatten-hoe-je-ze-wint-of-verliest
Over de NOS
https://over.nos.nl/nieuws/nederland-kiest-het-nos-radiodebat/
EenVandaag
https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/03/15/het-eenvandaag-lijstrekkersdebat-een-kijkwijzer-a4035630
NOS
https://nos.nl/artikel/2370260-nos-slotdebat-wie-neemt-het-op-tegen-wie.html
"What happened to the Dutch left?"
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2021/03/15/what-happened-to-the-dutch-left/
Kiesraad
https://www.kiesraad.nl/verkiezingen/tweede-kamer/uitslagen/bekendmaking-uitslag
Kiesraad
https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/TK20210317
Kiesraad
https://verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/TK20210317
www.bbc.co.uk
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56436297
NU.nl
https://www.nu.nl/tweede-kamerverkiezingen-2021/6123625/rutte-wil-eerst-formeren-met-ja21-dan-met-cu-daarna-pas-met-links.html
New Statesman
https://www.newstatesman.com/world/europe/2021/03/european-ripples-dutch-election
Politico
https://www.politico.eu/article/4-dutch-general-election-takeaways-mark-rutte/
NU
https://www.nu.nl/politiek/6123992/aantekeningen-verkenner-ollongren-zichtbaar-op-foto-omtzigt-functie-elders.html
Harrie Verbon
https://www.harrieverbon.nl/pieter-omtzigt-en-de-toeslagenaffaire/
nos.nl
https://nos.nl/l/2374158
DutchNews.nl
https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2021/04/prime-minister-denies-lying-but-wont-reveal-who-warned-him-about-omtzigt-comment/
"Dutch PM Rutte narrowly survives no-confidence vote"
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-56611399
www.tweedekamer.nl
https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/detail/2021Z05296/2021D11744
www.parlement.com
https://www.parlement.com/id/vlhrb92onkjy/nieuws/tjeenk_willink_benoemd_tot_informateur
tweedekamer.nl
https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/moties/detail?id=2021Z15082&did=2021D32346
nos.nl
https://nos.nl/l/2409329
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/new-dutch-finance-minister-kaag-tests-positive-covid-19-day-before-inauguration-2022-01-09/