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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

Updated: Wikipedia source

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a Mw 9.2–9.3 earthquake struck with an epicenter off the west coast of Aceh in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known in the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burma plate and the Indian plate, and reached a Mercalli intensity of IX in some areas. The earthquake caused a massive tsunami with waves up to 30 m (100 ft) high, known as the Boxing Day Tsunami after the Boxing Day holiday, or as the Asian Tsunami, which devastated communities along the surrounding coasts of the Indian Ocean, killing an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries, especially in Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India), and Khao Lak (Thailand). The direct result was severe disruption to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of these and other surrounding countries. It is the deadliest tsunami in history, the deadliest natural disaster of the 21st century, and one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. It is also the worst natural disaster in the history of Indonesia, the Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The earthquake itself is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Asia, the most powerful earthquake of the 21st century, and the second or third most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide since modern seismography began in 1900. It had the longest fault rupture ever observed, between 1,200 and 1,300 kilometres (746 and 808 mi), and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, at least ten minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 10 mm (0.4 in), and also remotely triggered earthquakes as far away as Alaska. Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Sumatra. The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response, with donations totalling more than US$14 billion (equivalent to US$23 billion in 2024 currency).

Infobox

UTC time
2004-12-26 00:58:53
ISC event
7453151
USGS-ANSS
ComCat
Local date
26 December 2004; 21 years ago (2004-12-26)
Local time
mw- 07:28:53 UTC 06:3007:58:53 UTC 07:0008:58:53 UTC 08:00
Duration
10 minutes
Magnitude
9.2–9.3 '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"'Mw
Depth
30 km (19 mi)
Epicentre
mw- 3°18′58″N 95°51′14″E / 3.316°N 95.854°E / 3.316; 95.854
Type
Megathrust
Areas affected
Indian Ocean coastline areas
Max. intensity
MMI IX (Violent)
Tsunami
15 to 30 m (50 to 100 ft); max. 51 m (167 ft)
Casualties
227,898 dead

Tables

· Impact › Countries affected
Indonesia
Indonesia
Affected country .mw- [a]
Indonesia
Confirmed deaths
130,736
Estimated deaths[b]
167,540
Missing
37,063
Displaced
500,000+
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Affected country .mw- [a]
Sri Lanka
Confirmed deaths
35,322[c]
Estimated deaths[b]
35,322
Injured
21,411
Displaced
516,150
India
India
Affected country .mw- [a]
India
Confirmed deaths
12,405
Estimated deaths[b]
16,269
Missing
3,874
Displaced
647,599
Thailand
Thailand
Affected country .mw- [a]
Thailand
Confirmed deaths
5,395[d]
Estimated deaths[b]
8,212
Injured
8,457
Missing
2,817
Displaced
7,000
Somalia
Somalia
Affected country .mw- [a]
Somalia
Confirmed deaths
78
Estimated deaths[b]
289
Displaced
5,000
Myanmar
Myanmar
Affected country .mw- [a]
Myanmar
Confirmed deaths
61
Estimated deaths[b]
400–600
Injured
45
Missing
200
Displaced
3,200
Maldives
Maldives
Affected country .mw- [a]
Maldives
Confirmed deaths
82
Estimated deaths[b]
108
Missing
26
Displaced
15,000+
Malaysia
Malaysia
Affected country .mw- [a]
Malaysia
Confirmed deaths
68
Estimated deaths[b]
75
Injured
299
Missing
6
Displaced
5,000+
Tanzania
Tanzania
Affected country .mw- [a]
Tanzania
Confirmed deaths
10
Estimated deaths[b]
13
Missing
3
Seychelles
Seychelles
Affected country .mw- [a]
Seychelles
Confirmed deaths
3
Estimated deaths[b]
3
Injured
57
Displaced
200
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Affected country .mw- [a]
Bangladesh
Confirmed deaths
2
Estimated deaths[b]
2
South Africa
South Africa
Affected country .mw- [a]
South Africa
Confirmed deaths
2[e]
Estimated deaths[b]
2
Yemen
Yemen
Affected country .mw- [a]
Yemen
Confirmed deaths
2
Estimated deaths[b]
2
Kenya
Kenya
Affected country .mw- [a]
Kenya
Confirmed deaths
1
Estimated deaths[b]
1
Injured
2
Madagascar
Madagascar
Affected country .mw- [a]
Madagascar
Displaced
1,000+
Total estimates
Total estimates
Affected country .mw- [a]
Total estimates
Confirmed deaths
184,167
Estimated deaths[b]
227,898
Injured
125,000
Missing
43,789
Displaced
1,740,000
^a This table refers only to countries directly affected by the tsunami, not to countries whose citizens were affected while overseas.^b Includes those reported under 'Confirmed'. If no separate estimates are available, the number in this column is the same as reported under 'Confirmed'.^c Does not include approximately 19,000 missing people initially declared by Tamil Tiger authorities from regions under their control.^d Data includes at least 2,464 foreigners.^e Does not include South African citizens who died outside of South Africa (e.g., tourists in Thailand).
^a This table refers only to countries directly affected by the tsunami, not to countries whose citizens were affected while overseas.^b Includes those reported under 'Confirmed'. If no separate estimates are available, the number in this column is the same as reported under 'Confirmed'.^c Does not include approximately 19,000 missing people initially declared by Tamil Tiger authorities from regions under their control.^d Data includes at least 2,464 foreigners.^e Does not include South African citizens who died outside of South Africa (e.g., tourists in Thailand).
Affected country .mw- [a]
^a This table refers only to countries directly affected by the tsunami, not to countries whose citizens were affected while overseas.^b Includes those reported under 'Confirmed'. If no separate estimates are available, the number in this column is the same as reported under 'Confirmed'.^c Does not include approximately 19,000 missing people initially declared by Tamil Tiger authorities from regions under their control.^d Data includes at least 2,464 foreigners.^e Does not include South African citizens who died outside of South Africa (e.g., tourists in Thailand).
Affected country [a]
Confirmed deaths
Estimated deaths[b]
Injured
Missing
Displaced
Ref
Indonesia
130,736
167,540
37,063
500,000+
Sri Lanka
35,322[c]
35,322
21,411
516,150
India
12,405
16,269
3,874
647,599
Thailand
5,395[d]
8,212
8,457
2,817
7,000
Somalia
78
289
5,000
Myanmar
61
400–600
45
200
3,200
Maldives
82
108
26
15,000+
Malaysia
68
75
299
6
5,000+
Tanzania
10
13
3
Seychelles
3
3
57
200
Bangladesh
2
2
South Africa
2[e]
2
Yemen
2
2
Kenya
1
1
2
Madagascar
1,000+
Total estimates
184,167
227,898
125,000
43,789
1,740,000
^a This table refers only to countries directly affected by the tsunami, not to countries whose citizens were affected while overseas.^b Includes those reported under 'Confirmed'. If no separate estimates are available, the number in this column is the same as reported under 'Confirmed'.^c Does not include approximately 19,000 missing people initially declared by Tamil Tiger authorities from regions under their control.^d Data includes at least 2,464 foreigners.^e Does not include South African citizens who died outside of South Africa (e.g., tourists in Thailand).

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