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2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida

Updated: Wikipedia source

2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida

The 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. The Florida vote was ultimately settled in Bush's favor by a margin of 537 votes out of 5,963,110 cast when the U.S. Supreme Court, in Bush v. Gore, stopped a recount that had been initiated upon a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court. Bush's win in Florida gave him a majority of votes in the Electoral College and victory in the presidential election.

Infobox

Party
Democratic
Nominee
Al Gore
Home state
Tennessee
Running mate
Joe Lieberman
Electoral vote
267
States carried
20 DC

Tables

· Lingering controversies › Influential decisions › Florida counties' recount decisions
Decision-makers
Decision-makers
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision-makers
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decisions
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Impact on vote count
Gore
Gore
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Gore
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Bush
Canvassing boards around the state
Canvassing boards around the state
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Canvassing boards around the state
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decisions by some canvassing boards to count illegal overseas absentee ballots. At Thanksgiving, decisions by 14 county boards to reverse prior decisions in order to include 288 ballots that had been rejected days earlier.
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
194
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
486
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine"
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-1,278
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-826
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines"
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-789
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-733
Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties
Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines"
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-1,310
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-1,858
The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine"
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-396
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-189
Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-2,735
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-2,107
Nassau County Canvassing Board
Nassau County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Nassau County Canvassing Board
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
73
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
124
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-480
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-265
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-302
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-134
Impact of all decisions on candidates' potential statewide totals
Impact of all decisions on candidates' potential statewide totals
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Impact of all decisions on candidates' potential statewide totals
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-7,023
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
-5,502
Potential statewide vote count in absence of all decisions
Potential statewide vote count in absence of all decisions
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Potential statewide vote count in absence of all decisions
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
2,919,276
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
2,918,292
Gore by 984
Gore by 984
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Gore by 984
Pre-certification decisions that altered certified Florida 2000 presidential vote total
Decision-makers
Decisions
Impact on vote count
Gore
Bush
Canvassing boards around the state
Decisions by some canvassing boards to count illegal overseas absentee ballots. At Thanksgiving, decisions by 14 county boards to reverse prior decisions in order to include 288 ballots that had been rejected days earlier.
194
486
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties
Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine"
-1,278
-826
Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties
Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines"
-789
-733
Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties
Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines"
-1,310
-1,858
The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine"
-396
-189
Palm Beach County Canvassing Board
Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent
-2,735
-2,107
Nassau County Canvassing Board
Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total
73
124
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline
-480
-265
Secretary of State Katherine Harris
Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline
-302
-134
Impact of all decisions on candidates' potential statewide totals
-7,023
-5,502
Potential statewide vote count in absence of all decisions
2,919,276
2,918,292
48.852%
48.836%
Gore by 984
· Post-election studies › NORC-sponsored Florida Ballot Project recount
Overvotes
Overvotes
Voting technology
Overvotes
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
Undervotes
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
Characteristics
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
No. Bush and Gore
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
Other candidates
Punchcard
Punchcard
Voting technology
Punchcard
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
721
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
18,610
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
Fully punched proper vote
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
646
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
678
2- or 3-corner detached chads
2- or 3-corner detached chads
Voting technology
2- or 3-corner detached chads
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
951
Dimple or 1-corner detached chads
Dimple or 1-corner detached chads
Voting technology
Dimple or 1-corner detached chads
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
15,141
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
292
Other (marginal) ballots
Other (marginal) ballots
Voting technology
Other (marginal) ballots
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
902
Optical scan
Optical scan
Voting technology
Optical scan
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
3008
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
2826
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
Properly filled, not read by machine
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
433
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
79
Wrong ink color/carbon content (oval/arrow filled)
Wrong ink color/carbon content (oval/arrow filled)
Voting technology
Wrong ink color/carbon content (oval/arrow filled)
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
796
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
116
Underfilled oval/arrow
Underfilled oval/arrow
Voting technology
Underfilled oval/arrow
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
393
Mark away from oval/arrow
Mark away from oval/arrow
Voting technology
Mark away from oval/arrow
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
1,009
Voting technology
Total reclaimable ballots from Florida 2000 presidential election
Reclaimable undervote ballots from Florida 2000
Overvotes
Undervotes
Characteristics
No. Bush and Gore
Other candidates
Punchcard
721
18,610
Fully punched proper vote
646
678
2- or 3-corner detached chads
951
Dimple or 1-corner detached chads
15,141
292
Other (marginal) ballots
902
Optical scan
3008
2826
Properly filled, not read by machine
433
79
Wrong ink color/carbon content (oval/arrow filled)
796
116
Underfilled oval/arrow
393
Mark away from oval/arrow
1,009
· Post-election studies › County-by-county standards for write-in overvotes in 2000
Counties that count votes for the marked candidate if the write-in is
Counties that count votes for the marked candidate if the write-in is
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Counties that count votes for the marked candidate if the write-in is
Counties that
an opposing candidate (0):
do not count any votes for the marked candidate (4):
none
the same name (1):
the same name (1):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
the same name (1):
Counties that
Hendry
the same name or a blank space (28):
the same name or a blank space (28):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
the same name or a blank space (28):
Counties that
Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Escambia, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Lafayette, Lake, Levy, Liberty, Okeechobee, Orange, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Union, Walton, Washington
the same name, a blank space or a historical or fictional name (1):
the same name, a blank space or a historical or fictional name (1):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
the same name, a blank space or a historical or fictional name (1):
Counties that
Franklin
the same name, a blank space or an uncertified person's name (1):
the same name, a blank space or an uncertified person's name (1):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
the same name, a blank space or an uncertified person's name (1):
Counties that
Flagler
the same name, a blank space, a historical or fictional name or an uncertified person's name (7):
the same name, a blank space, a historical or fictional name or an uncertified person's name (7):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
the same name, a blank space, a historical or fictional name or an uncertified person's name (7):
Counties that
Alachua, Baker, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Taylor, Volusia
Punchcard counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Punchcard counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Punchcard counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Counties that
Counties that
do not count any votes for the marked candidate (4):
do not count any votes for the marked candidate (9):
Columbia, Holmes, Okaloosa, Suwannee
DeSoto, Duval, Gilchrist, Glades, Hardee, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Sarasota
count votes for the punched candidate if the write-in is an uncertified person's name (12):
count votes for the punched candidate if the write-in is an uncertified person's name (12):
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
count votes for the punched candidate if the write-in is an uncertified person's name (12):
Counties that
Broward, Collier, Dixie, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Wakulla
Optiscan counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Counties that
do not count any votes for the marked candidate (4):
Columbia, Holmes, Okaloosa, Suwannee
Counties that count votes for the marked candidate if the write-in is
an opposing candidate (0):
none
the same name (1):
Hendry
the same name or a blank space (28):
Bay, Bradford, Brevard, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Escambia, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hernando, Jackson, Lafayette, Lake, Levy, Liberty, Okeechobee, Orange, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Seminole, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Union, Walton, Washington
the same name, a blank space or a historical or fictional name (1):
Franklin
the same name, a blank space or an uncertified person's name (1):
Flagler
the same name, a blank space, a historical or fictional name or an uncertified person's name (7):
Alachua, Baker, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Taylor, Volusia
Punchcard counties' standards for valid write-in overvotes
Counties that
do not count any votes for the marked candidate (9):
DeSoto, Duval, Gilchrist, Glades, Hardee, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Sarasota
count votes for the punched candidate if the write-in is an uncertified person's name (12):
Broward, Collier, Dixie, Hillsborough, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Wakulla
n/a or no answer (4):
Highlands, Indian River, Martin, Sumter

References

  1. Positive sign indicates number of votes that decision caused to be included (or put back) in state certified total. Nega
  2. Ballots received after deadline, lacking required postmarks, unsigned, undated, cast after election day, from unregister
  3. The NORC study (see below) did not address either of the concerns about overseas absentee ballots and Nassau County's ce
  4. Dr. Gary King of Harvard University applied statistical modeling to determine that the best estimate for the impact of i
  5. According to standards being applied by each county at the time. Two-coder general agreement for punch-card counties.
  6. Taylor County determined voter intent on some overvotes; however, it did not include them in its certified results.
  7. Even though four other Optiscan counties (Hamilton, Polk, Seminole, Taylor) manually reviewed machine-rejected ballots f
  8. Includes increase in Orange County's unofficially revised machine-tabulated vote total, due to machine later counting 51
  9. Amount excludes 139 Miami-Dade precincts that were recounted.
  10. Unlike the other 20 counties, Palm Beach and Pasco Counties determined voter intent on 74 overvotes for Gore and Bush; h
  11. Of these 4,842 excluded ballots, 4,513 had been set aside by the canvassing board for later inspection by a court (which
  12. When Palm Beach County completed its recount two hours after the certification deadline, its final count was Gore 501 vo
  13. On December 9, 2000, four counties (Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee) completed recounts of undervotes ordered by the Flo
  14. two-coder general agreement for punch card ballots
  15. Officials in a majority of punch-card counties said they would accept a single-corner detached chad as an indicator of v
  16. rejected by the Florida Supreme Court in its ruling of December 8, 2000
  17. the lightly populated counties of Gadsden, Hamilton, Lafayette and Union
  18. Nine counties (Alachua, Columbia, DeSoto, Glades, Lake, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter and Wakulla) reported that it was the
  19. When the Florida Supreme Court ordered a statewide recount of remaining uncounted undervotes, it stipulated that the inc
  20. Primarily write-in overvotes
  21. ballots recorded by the assigned review coders as either having "multiple marks" or no punches in the presidential secti
  22. Orange County total of 512 properly filled ballots not read by machine on November 8, 2000. Possible reasons include, bu
  23. in answer to "Would the county accept a write-in overvote if the write-in text area contained a non-qualified candidate?
  24. George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al., 531 U.S. 98 (2000).
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  78. Salon
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  84. Texas A&M Law Scholarship
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  92. Orlando Sentinel
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  94. at footnote:
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  97. Palm Beach Post
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  108. USA Today
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  109. USA Today
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  110. rinr.fsu.edu
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  111. Pollingreport.com
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