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1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

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1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

On October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. PST, the Loma Prieta earthquake occurred at the Central Coast of California. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. With an Mw magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), the shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Damage was heavy in Santa Cruz County and less so to the south in Monterey County, but effects extended well to the north into the San Francisco Bay Area, both on the San Francisco Peninsula and across the bay in Oakland. No surface faulting occurred, though many other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Liquefaction was also a significant issue, especially in the heavily damaged Marina District of San Francisco, but its effects were also seen in the East Bay, and near the shore of Monterey Bay, where a non-destructive tsunami was also observed. Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series, the annual championship series of Major League Baseball, taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake", with the championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". Rush-hour traffic on the Bay Area freeways was much lighter than normal because the game, being played at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, was about to begin, and this may have prevented a larger loss of life, as several of the Bay Area's major transportation structures suffered catastrophic failures. The collapse of a section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of human-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Gatos, and Santa Cruz.

Infobox

UTC time
1989-10-18 00:04:14
ISC event
389808
USGS-ANSS
ComCat
Local date
October 17, 1989; 36 years ago (1989-10-17)
Local time
17:04:15 PDT
Duration
8–15 seconds
Magnitude
6 Mw, 7.2 MS
Depth
19 km (12 mi)
Epicenter
mw- 37°02′N 121°53′W / 37.04°N 121.88°W / 37.04; -121.88
Type
Oblique-slip reverse
Areas affected
Central Coast (California) San Francisco Bay AreaUnited States
Total damage
$5.6–6 billion (equivalent to $14.2–15.2 billion today)
Max. intensity
MMI IX (Violent)
Peak acceleration
0.65 g (at epicenter)
Tsunami
Yes
Landslides
1,000–4,000
Foreshocks
5.3 ML June 27, 19885.4 ML August 8, 1989
Casualties
63 killed, 3,757 injured

Tables

Aftershocks · Damage › Effects on transportation
4.3 ML
4.3 ML
Mag
4.3 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 00:38
Year
1989
5.2 ML
5.2 ML
Mag
5.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 00:41
Year
1989
4.0 ML
4.0 ML
Mag
4.0 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 02:26
Year
1989
4.1 ML
4.1 ML
Mag
4.1 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 03:30
Year
1989
4.2 ML
4.2 ML
Mag
4.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 04:50
Year
1989
4.2 ML
4.2 ML
Mag
4.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 05:18
Year
1989
4.3 ML
4.3 ML
Mag
4.3 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 18 at 10:22
Year
1989
4.3 ML
4.3 ML
Mag
4.3 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 19 at 9:53
Year
1989
4.2 ML
4.2 ML
Mag
4.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 21 at 10:22
Year
1989
4.7 ML
4.7 ML
Mag
4.7 ML
Date (UTC)
Oct 21 at 22:14
Year
1989
4.3 ML
4.3 ML
Mag
4.3 ML
Date (UTC)
Nov 2 at 05:50
Year
1989
4.3 ML
4.3 ML
Mag
4.3 ML
Date (UTC)
Apr 18 at 13:37
Year
1990
4.5 ML
4.5 ML
Mag
4.5 ML
Date (UTC)
Apr 18 at 13:41
Year
1990
5.4 ML
5.4 ML
Mag
5.4 ML
Date (UTC)
Apr 18 at 13:53
Year
1990
4.2 ML
4.2 ML
Mag
4.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Apr 18 at 14:52
Year
1990
4.2 ML
4.2 ML
Mag
4.2 ML
Date (UTC)
Apr 18 at 15:28
Year
1990
4.5 ML
4.5 ML
Mag
4.5 ML
Date (UTC)
Mar 24 at 03:42
Year
1991
Dietz & Ellsworth 1997, p. 43
Dietz & Ellsworth 1997, p. 43
Mag
Dietz & Ellsworth 1997, p. 43
Mag
Date (UTC)
Year
4.3 ML
Oct 18 at 00:38
1989
5.2 ML
Oct 18 at 00:41
1989
4.0 ML
Oct 18 at 02:26
1989
4.1 ML
Oct 18 at 03:30
1989
4.2 ML
Oct 18 at 04:50
1989
4.2 ML
Oct 18 at 05:18
1989
4.3 ML
Oct 18 at 10:22
1989
4.3 ML
Oct 19 at 9:53
1989
4.2 ML
Oct 21 at 10:22
1989
4.7 ML
Oct 21 at 22:14
1989
4.3 ML
Nov 2 at 05:50
1989
4.3 ML
Apr 18 at 13:37
1990
4.5 ML
Apr 18 at 13:41
1990
5.4 ML
Apr 18 at 13:53
1990
4.2 ML
Apr 18 at 14:52
1990
4.2 ML
Apr 18 at 15:28
1990
4.5 ML
Mar 24 at 03:42
1991
Dietz & Ellsworth 1997, p. 43

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