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1935 Labor Day hurricane

Updated: Wikipedia source

1935 Labor Day hurricane

The 1935 Labor Day hurricane was an extremely powerful and devastating Atlantic hurricane that struck the southeastern United States in early September 1935. For several decades, it was the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record in terms of barometric pressure, 1-minute sustained winds, and the strongest at landfall by 1-minute sustained winds. The fourth tropical cyclone, third tropical storm, second hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season, it is one of four Category 5 hurricanes on record to strike the contiguous United States, along with Hurricane Camille (1969), Hurricane Andrew (1992), and Hurricane Michael (2018). The hurricane intensified rapidly during its time, passing near Long Key on Labor Day evening, September 2. The region was swept by a massive storm surge as the eye passed over the area. The waters quickly receded after carving new channels connecting the bay with the ocean; however, gale-force winds and rough seas persisted into Tuesday, disrupting rescue efforts. The storm continued northwestward along the Florida west coast, weakening before making its second landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, on September 4. The hurricane caused catastrophic damage in the upper Florida Keys, as a storm surge of approximately 18 to 20 feet (5.5 to 6.1 m) swept over the low-lying islands. The hurricane's strong winds and the surge destroyed nearly all the structures between Tavernier and Marathon. The town of Islamorada was obliterated. Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway were severely damaged or destroyed. In addition, many veterans died in work camps created for the construction of the Overseas Highway, in part due to poor working conditions. The hurricane also caused more damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas.

Infobox

Formed
August 29, 1935 (1935-08-29)
Extratropical
September 6, 1935 (1935-09-06)
Dissipated
September 10, 1935 (1935-09-10)
Highest winds
185 mph (295 km/h)
Lowest pressure
892 mbar (hPa); 26.34 inHg(Lowest recorded in the United States; tied for third-lowest recorded in the Atlantic)
Fatalities
490
Damage
$100 million (1935 USD)
Areas affected
The Bahamas, Florida Keys, Southwest and North Florida (Big Bend), Georgia, The Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, New England

Tables

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hPa
hPa
Rank
hPa
Hurricane
inHg
1
1
Rank
1
Hurricane
Wilma
Season
2005
Pressure
882
Pressure
26.05
2
2
Rank
2
Hurricane
Gilbert
Season
1988
Pressure
888
Pressure
26.23
3
3
Rank
3
Hurricane
"Labor Day"
Season
1935
Pressure
892
Pressure
26.34
Melissa
Melissa
Rank
Melissa
Hurricane
2025
5
5
Rank
5
Hurricane
Rita
Season
2005
Pressure
895
Pressure
26.43
Milton
Milton
Rank
Milton
Hurricane
2024
7
7
Rank
7
Hurricane
Allen
Season
1980
Pressure
899
Pressure
26.55
8
8
Rank
8
Hurricane
Camille
Season
1969
Pressure
900
Pressure
26.58
9
9
Rank
9
Hurricane
Katrina
Season
2005
Pressure
902
Pressure
26.64
10
10
Rank
10
Hurricane
Mitch
Season
1998
Pressure
905
Pressure
26.73
Dean
Dean
Rank
Dean
Hurricane
2007
Source: HURDAT
Source: HURDAT
Rank
Source: HURDAT
Rank
Hurricane
Season
Pressure
hPa
inHg
1
Wilma
2005
882
26.05
2
Gilbert
1988
888
26.23
3
"Labor Day"
1935
892
26.34
Melissa
2025
5
Rita
2005
895
26.43
Milton
2024
7
Allen
1980
899
26.55
8
Camille
1969
900
26.58
9
Katrina
2005
902
26.64
10
Mitch
1998
905
26.73
Dean
2007
Source: HURDAT
· Meteorological history
Rank
Rank
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Rank
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Hurricane
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Season
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Wind speed
mph
mph
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
mph
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
km/h
1
1
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
"Labor Day"
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1935
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
185
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
295
Dorian
Dorian
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Dorian
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
2019
Melissa
Melissa
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Melissa
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
2025
4
4
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
4
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Irma
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
2017
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
180
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
285
5
5
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
5
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Janet
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1955
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
175
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
280
Camille
Camille
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Camille
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1969
Anita
Anita
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Anita
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1977
David
David
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
David
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1979
Dean
Dean
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Dean
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
2007
10
10
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
10
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
"Cuba"
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1924
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
165
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
270
Andrew
Andrew
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Andrew
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
1992
Maria
Maria
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Maria
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
2017
Source: HURDAT, AOML/HRD
Source: HURDAT, AOML/HRD
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Source: HURDAT, AOML/HRD
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
Strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricanes†
Rank
Hurricane
Season
Wind speed
mph
km/h
1
"Labor Day"
1935
185
295
Dorian
2019
Melissa
2025
4
Irma
2017
180
285
5
Janet
1955
175
280
Camille
1969
Anita
1977
David
1979
Dean
2007
10
"Cuba"
1924
165
270
Andrew
1992
Maria
2017
Source: HURDAT, AOML/HRD
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
· Impact
Rank
Rank
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Rank
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Name‡
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Season
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Wind speed
mph
mph
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
mph
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
km/h
1
1
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Labor Day"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1935
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
185
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
295
2
2
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Karen*
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1962
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
175
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
280
Camille
Camille
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Camille
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1969
Yutu*
Yutu*
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Yutu*
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2018
4
4
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
4
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Andrew
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1992
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
165
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
270
5
5
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
5
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Okeechobee"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1928
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
160
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
260
Michael
Michael
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Michael
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2018
7
7
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
7
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Maria
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2017
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
155
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
250
8
8
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
8
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Last Island"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1856
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
150
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
240
"Indianola"
"Indianola"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Indianola"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1886
"Florida Keys"
"Florida Keys"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Florida Keys"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1919
"Freeport"
"Freeport"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
"Freeport"
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
1932
Charley
Charley
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Charley
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2004
Choi-wan*
Choi-wan*
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Choi-wan*
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2009
Laura
Laura
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Laura
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2020
Ida
Ida
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Ida
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2021
Ian
Ian
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Ian
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
2022
Source: Hurricane Research Division
Source: Hurricane Research Division
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Source: Hurricane Research Division
Indicates the system struck the Northern Mariana Islands, which areU.S. territories in the Western Pacific, and thus counted in this table.
Indicates the system struck the Northern Mariana Islands, which areU.S. territories in the Western Pacific, and thus counted in this table.
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Indicates the system struck the Northern Mariana Islands, which areU.S. territories in the Western Pacific, and thus counted in this table.
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
‡Systems prior to 1950 were not officially named.
‡Systems prior to 1950 were not officially named.
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
‡Systems prior to 1950 were not officially named.
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones†
Rank
Name‡
Season
Wind speed
mph
km/h
1
"Labor Day"
1935
185
295
2
Karen*
1962
175
280
Camille
1969
Yutu*
2018
4
Andrew
1992
165
270
5
"Okeechobee"
1928
160
260
Michael
2018
7
Maria
2017
155
250
8
"Last Island"
1856
150
240
"Indianola"
1886
"Florida Keys"
1919
"Freeport"
1932
Charley
2004
Choi-wan*
2009
Laura
2020
Ida
2021
Ian
2022
Source: Hurricane Research Division
Indicates the system struck the Northern Mariana Islands, which areU.S. territories in the Western Pacific, and thus counted in this table.
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land.
‡Systems prior to 1950 were not officially named.

References

  1. Surpassed by Hurricane Gilbert (1988)
  2. Surpassed by Hurricane Allen (1980)
  3. Tied with Hurricane Dorian (2019) and Hurricane Melissa (2025).
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