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1792 United States presidential election

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1792 United States presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the United States from November 2 to December 5, 1792. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was reelected as vice president. Washington was essentially unopposed, but Adams faced a competitive re-election against Governor George Clinton of New York. Electoral rules of the time required each presidential elector to cast two votes without distinguishing which was for president and which for vice president. The recipient of the most votes would then become president, and the runner-up vice president. The Democratic-Republican Party, which had organized in opposition to the policies of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, supported Clinton for the position of vice president. Adams, meanwhile, was backed by the Federalist Party in his bid for another term. Neither party had fully organized, and partisan divisions had not yet solidified. Washington received 132 electoral votes, one from each elector. Adams won 77 electoral votes, enough to win re-election. Clinton finished in third place with 50 electoral votes, taking his home state of New York as well as three Southern states. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. This election was the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors, as did the newly added states of Kentucky and Vermont.

Infobox

Party
Independent
Nominee
George Washington
Turnout
6.3% 5.3 pp
Percentage
100.0%
Home state
Virginia
Popular vote
11,176
Electoral vote
132
States carried
15

Tables

· Results › Electoral vote
Count
Count
Presidential candidate
Count
Party
Percentage
George Washington (incumbent)
George Washington (incumbent)
Presidential candidate
George Washington (incumbent)
Party
Independent
Home state
Virginia
Popular vote(a)
11,176
Popular vote(a)
100.0%
Electoral vote(b)
132
Total
Total
Presidential candidate
Total
Party
11,176
Home state
100.0%
Popular vote(a)
132
Needed to win
Needed to win
Presidential candidate
Needed to win
Party
67
Presidential candidate
Party
Home state
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
Count
Percentage
George Washington (incumbent)
Independent
Virginia
11,176
100.0%
132
Total
11,176
100.0%
132
Needed to win
67
· Results › Electoral vote
John Adams
John Adams
Vice presidential candidate
John Adams
Party
Federalist
State
Massachusetts
Electoral vote(b)
Col 5
Col 6
77
George Clinton
George Clinton
Vice presidential candidate
George Clinton
Party
Democratic-Republican
State
New York
Electoral vote(b)
Col 5
Col 6
50
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Vice presidential candidate
Thomas Jefferson
Party
Democratic-Republican
State
Virginia
Electoral vote(b)
Col 5
Col 6
4
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr
Vice presidential candidate
Aaron Burr
Party
Democratic-Republican
State
New York
Electoral vote(b)
Col 5
Col 6
1
Total
Total
Vice presidential candidate
Total
Party
11,176
State
100.0%
Electoral vote(b)
132
Needed to win
Needed to win
Vice presidential candidate
Needed to win
Party
67
Vice presidential candidate
Party
State
Electoral vote(b)
John Adams
Federalist
Massachusetts
77
George Clinton
Democratic-Republican
New York
50
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican
Virginia
4
Aaron Burr
Democratic-Republican
New York
1
Total
11,176
100.0%
132
Needed to win
67
· Results › Popular vote
Count
Count
Slate
Count
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
Percentage
Federalist
Federalist
Slate
Federalist
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
6,818
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
87.6%
Democratic-Republican
Democratic-Republican
Slate
Democratic-Republican
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
962
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
12.4%
Total
Total
Slate
Total
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
7,780
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
100.0%
Slate
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
Count
Percentage
Federalist
6,818
87.6%
Democratic-Republican
962
12.4%
Total
7,780
100.0%
· Results › Popular vote by state
State
State
Col 1
State
Col 2
Electoralvotes
George WashingtonFederalist
#
George WashingtonFederalist
%
George WashingtonFederalist
Electoralvotes
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
#
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
%
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
Electoralvotes
Margin
#
Margin
%
Connecticut
Connecticut
Col 1
Connecticut
Col 2
9
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
9
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Delaware
Delaware
Col 1
Delaware
Col 2
3
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
3
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Georgia
Georgia
Col 1
Georgia
Col 2
4
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
4
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Kentucky
Kentucky
Col 1
Kentucky
Col 2
4
George WashingtonFederalist
No data
George WashingtonFederalist
-
George WashingtonFederalist
No data
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
4
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Maryland
Maryland
Col 1
Maryland
Col 2
8 (10)
George WashingtonFederalist
898
George WashingtonFederalist
100.00
George WashingtonFederalist
8
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
No data
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
898
Margin
100.00
Margin
2
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Col 1
Massachusetts
Col 2
16
George WashingtonFederalist
4,138
George WashingtonFederalist
100.00
George WashingtonFederalist
16
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
No ballots
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
4,138
Margin
100.00
Margin
-
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Col 1
New Hampshire
Col 2
6
George WashingtonFederalist
1,782
George WashingtonFederalist
100.00
George WashingtonFederalist
6
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
No ballots
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
1,782
Margin
100.00
Margin
-
New Jersey
New Jersey
Col 1
New Jersey
Col 2
7
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
7
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
New York
New York
Col 1
New York
Col 2
12
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
-
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
12
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
North Carolina
North Carolina
Col 1
North Carolina
Col 2
12
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
-
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
12
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Col 1
Pennsylvania
Col 2
15
George WashingtonFederalist
The two best performing electors were supported by both groups
George WashingtonFederalist
-
George WashingtonFederalist
-
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
Col 1
Rhode Island
Col 2
4
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
4
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
South Carolina
South Carolina
Col 1
South Carolina
Col 2
8
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
7
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
1
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Vermont
Vermont
Col 1
Vermont
Col 2
3 (4)
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonFederalist
3
George WashingtonFederalist
No popular vote
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
1
Margin
-
Virginia
Virginia
Col 1
Virginia
Col 2
21
George WashingtonFederalist
No data
George WashingtonFederalist
-
George WashingtonFederalist
962
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
21
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
-
TOTALS:
TOTALS:
Col 1
TOTALS:
Col 2
135
George WashingtonFederalist
6,818
George WashingtonFederalist
96.16
George WashingtonFederalist
67
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
962
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
3.84
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
50
Margin
26,385
Margin
92.32
Not cast
3
TO WIN:
TO WIN:
Col 1
TO WIN:
Col 2
68
George WashingtonFederalist
George WashingtonDemocratic-Republican
Margin
Not cast
Citation
State
Electoralvotes
#
%
Electoralvotes
#
%
Electoralvotes
#
%
Connecticut
9
No popular vote
9
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Delaware
3
No popular vote
3
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Georgia
4
No popular vote
4
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Kentucky
4
No data
-
No data
4
-
-
Maryland
8 (10)
898
100.00
8
No data
-
898
100.00
2
Massachusetts
16
4,138
100.00
16
No ballots
-
4,138
100.00
-
New Hampshire
6
1,782
100.00
6
No ballots
-
1,782
100.00
-
New Jersey
7
No popular vote
7
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
New York
12
No popular vote
-
No popular vote
12
-
-
-
North Carolina
12
No popular vote
-
No popular vote
12
-
-
-
Pennsylvania
15
The two best performing electors were supported by both groups
-
-
Rhode Island
4
No popular vote
4
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
South Carolina
8
No popular vote
7
No popular vote
1
-
-
-
Vermont
3 (4)
No popular vote
3
No popular vote
-
-
1
-
Virginia
21
No data
-
962
21
-
-
TOTALS:
135
6,818
96.16
67
962
3.84
50
26,385
92.32
3
TO WIN:
68
· Results › Electoral votes by state
Connecticut
Connecticut
State
Connecticut
Electors
9
Electoralvotes
18
GWTooltip George Washington
9
JATooltip John Adams
9
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
Electors
3
Electoralvotes
6
GWTooltip George Washington
3
JATooltip John Adams
3
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Electors
4
Electoralvotes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
4
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Kentucky
Kentucky
State
Kentucky
Electors
4
Electoralvotes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
4
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Maryland
Maryland
State
Maryland
Electors
10
Electoralvotes
20
GWTooltip George Washington
8
JATooltip John Adams
8
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
4
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
Electors
16
Electoralvotes
32
GWTooltip George Washington
16
JATooltip John Adams
16
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State
New Hampshire
Electors
6
Electoralvotes
12
GWTooltip George Washington
6
JATooltip John Adams
6
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New Jersey
New Jersey
State
New Jersey
Electors
7
Electoralvotes
14
GWTooltip George Washington
7
JATooltip John Adams
7
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New York
New York
State
New York
Electors
12
Electoralvotes
24
GWTooltip George Washington
12
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
12
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
North Carolina
North Carolina
State
North Carolina
Electors
12
Electoralvotes
24
GWTooltip George Washington
12
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
12
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State
Pennsylvania
Electors
15
Electoralvotes
30
GWTooltip George Washington
15
JATooltip John Adams
14
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
1
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State
Rhode Island
Electors
4
Electoralvotes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
4
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
South Carolina
South Carolina
State
South Carolina
Electors
8
Electoralvotes
16
GWTooltip George Washington
8
JATooltip John Adams
7
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
1
Blank
Vermont
Vermont
State
Vermont
Electors
4
Electoralvotes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
3
JATooltip John Adams
3
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
2
Virginia
Virginia
State
Virginia
Electors
21
Electoralvotes
42
GWTooltip George Washington
21
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
21
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
TOTAL
TOTAL
State
TOTAL
Electors
135
Electoralvotes
270
GWTooltip George Washington
132
JATooltip John Adams
77
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
50
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
4
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
1
Blank
6
TO WIN
TO WIN
State
TO WIN
Electors
67
Electoralvotes
67
State
Electors
Electoralvotes
GWTooltip George Washington
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Connecticut
9
18
9
9
Delaware
3
6
3
3
Georgia
4
8
4
4
Kentucky
4
8
4
4
Maryland
10
20
8
8
4
Massachusetts
16
32
16
16
New Hampshire
6
12
6
6
New Jersey
7
14
7
7
New York
12
24
12
12
North Carolina
12
24
12
12
Pennsylvania
15
30
15
14
1
Rhode Island
4
8
4
4
South Carolina
8
16
8
7
1
Vermont
4
8
3
3
2
Virginia
21
42
21
21
TOTAL
135
270
132
77
50
4
1
6
TO WIN
67
67
· Electoral college selection
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
Method of choosing electors
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
State(s)
KentuckyVirginia
each elector chosen by voters statewide
each elector chosen by voters statewide
Method of choosing electors
each elector chosen by voters statewide
State(s)
MarylandPennsylvania
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electorseach elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional districtif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electorseach elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional districtif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
Method of choosing electors
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electorseach elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional districtif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
State(s)
Massachusetts
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewideif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewideif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
Method of choosing electors
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewideif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
State(s)
New Hampshire
each elector appointed by the state legislature
each elector appointed by the state legislature
Method of choosing electors
each elector appointed by the state legislature
State(s)
ConnecticutDelawareGeorgiaNew JerseyNew YorkNorth CarolinaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaVermont
Method of choosing electors
State(s)
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
KentuckyVirginia
each elector chosen by voters statewide
MarylandPennsylvania
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electorseach elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional districtif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
Massachusetts
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewideif an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
New Hampshire
each elector appointed by the state legislature
ConnecticutDelawareGeorgiaNew JerseyNew YorkNorth CarolinaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaVermont

References

  1. 135 total electors were appointed, three of which did not vote (2 in Maryland and 1 in Vermont). According to the unamen
  2. The two best performing electors in Pennsylvania, Joseph Hiester and William Henry, were supported by both groups. They
  3. United States Election Project
    http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present
  4. American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis
    https://archive.org/details/americanpolitics0000shar
  5. The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
    https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetouni00john
  6. A New Nation Votes
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/cc08hf97m
  7. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825
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  8. Northern Illinois University Law Review
  9. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog?commit=Limit&f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&page=2&q=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bend%5D=1820&search_field=all_fields&utf8=%E2%9C%93
  10. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/x059c858n
  11. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
    https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000204
  12. United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State
  13. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Massachusetts&search_field=dummy_range&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1792&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1792&commit=Apply
  14. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/x920fz28g
  15. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/5425k9909
  16. elections.lib.tufts.edu
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Virginia&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1792&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1792&search_field=dummy_range
  17. A New Nation Votes
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/cc08hf97m
  18. The Papers of George Washington
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130914141726/http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/presidential/electoral.html
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