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1792 United States presidential election

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1792 United States presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the United States from November 2 to December 5, 1792. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was reelected as vice president. Washington was essentially unopposed, but Adams faced a competitive re-election against Governor George Clinton of New York. Electoral rules of the time required each presidential elector to cast two votes without distinguishing which was for president and which for vice president. The recipient of the most votes would then become president, and the runner-up vice president. The Democratic-Republican Party, which had organized in opposition to the policies of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, supported Clinton for the position of vice president. Adams, meanwhile, was backed by the Federalist Party in his bid for another term. Neither party had fully organized, and partisan divisions had not yet solidified. Washington received 132 electoral votes, one from each elector. Adams won 77 electoral votes, enough to win re-election. Clinton finished in third place with 50 electoral votes, taking his home state of New York as well as three Southern states. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. This election was the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors, as did the newly added states of Kentucky and Vermont.

Infobox

Turnout
6 % 5 pp
Nominee
George Washington
Party
Independent
Home state
Virginia
Electoral vote
132
States carried
15
Popular vote
11,176
Percentage
100%

Tables

· Results › Electoral vote
Count
Count
Presidential candidate
Count
Party
Percentage
George Washington (incumbent)
George Washington (incumbent)
Presidential candidate
George Washington (incumbent)
Party
Independent
Home state
Virginia
Popular vote(a)
11,176
Popular vote(a)
100%
Electoral vote(b)
132
John Adams
John Adams
Presidential candidate
John Adams
Party
Federalist
Home state
Massachusetts
Popular vote(a)
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
77
George Clinton
George Clinton
Presidential candidate
George Clinton
Party
Democratic-Republican
Home state
New York
Popular vote(a)
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
50
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
Presidential candidate
Thomas Jefferson
Party
Democratic-Republican
Home state
Virginia
Popular vote(a)
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
4
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr
Presidential candidate
Aaron Burr
Party
Democratic-Republican
Home state
New York
Popular vote(a)
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
1
Total
Total
Presidential candidate
Total
Party
11,176
Home state
100 %
Popular vote(a)
132
Needed to win
Needed to win
Presidential candidate
Needed to win
Party
67
Presidential candidate
Party
Home state
Popular vote(a)
Electoral vote(b)
Count
Percentage
George Washington (incumbent)
Independent
Virginia
11,176
100%
132
John Adams
Federalist
Massachusetts
77
George Clinton
Democratic-Republican
New York
50
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican
Virginia
4
Aaron Burr
Democratic-Republican
New York
1
Total
11,176
100 %
132
Needed to win
67
· Results › Popular vote
Count
Count
Slate
Count
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
Percentage
Federalist
Federalist
Slate
Federalist
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
6,818
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
87 %
Democratic-Republican
Democratic-Republican
Slate
Democratic-Republican
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
962
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
12 %
Total
Total
Slate
Total
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
7,780
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
100%
Slate
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c), (d)
Count
Percentage
Federalist
6,818
87 %
Democratic-Republican
962
12 %
Total
7,780
100%
· Results › Popular vote by state
State
State
Col 1
State
Col 2
Electoral votes
George Washington Federalist
#
George Washington Federalist
%
George Washington Federalist
Electoral votes
George Washington Democratic-Republican
#
George Washington Democratic-Republican
%
George Washington Democratic-Republican
Electoral votes
Margin
#
Margin
%
Connecticut
Connecticut
Col 1
Connecticut
Col 2
9
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
9
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Delaware
Delaware
Col 1
Delaware
Col 2
3
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
3
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Georgia
Georgia
Col 1
Georgia
Col 2
4
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
4
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Kentucky
Kentucky
Col 1
Kentucky
Col 2
4
George Washington Federalist
No data
George Washington Federalist
-
George Washington Federalist
No data
George Washington Democratic-Republican
4
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Maryland
Maryland
Col 1
Maryland
Col 2
8 (10)
George Washington Federalist
898
George Washington Federalist
100
George Washington Federalist
8
George Washington Democratic-Republican
No data
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
898
Margin
100
Margin
2
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Col 1
Massachusetts
Col 2
16
George Washington Federalist
4,138
George Washington Federalist
100
George Washington Federalist
16
George Washington Democratic-Republican
No ballots
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
4,138
Margin
100
Margin
-
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Col 1
New Hampshire
Col 2
6
George Washington Federalist
1,782
George Washington Federalist
100
George Washington Federalist
6
George Washington Democratic-Republican
No ballots
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
1,782
Margin
100
Margin
-
New Jersey
New Jersey
Col 1
New Jersey
Col 2
7
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
7
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
New York
New York
Col 1
New York
Col 2
12
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
-
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
12
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
North Carolina
North Carolina
Col 1
North Carolina
Col 2
12
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
-
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
12
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Col 1
Pennsylvania
Col 2
15
George Washington Federalist
The two best performing electors were supported by both groups
George Washington Federalist
-
George Washington Federalist
-
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
Col 1
Rhode Island
Col 2
4
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
4
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
South Carolina
South Carolina
Col 1
South Carolina
Col 2
8
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
7
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
1
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
Margin
-
Vermont
Vermont
Col 1
Vermont
Col 2
3 (4)
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Federalist
3
George Washington Federalist
No popular vote
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
1
Margin
-
Virginia
Virginia
Col 1
Virginia
Col 2
21
George Washington Federalist
No data
George Washington Federalist
-
George Washington Federalist
962
George Washington Democratic-Republican
21
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
George Washington Democratic-Republican
-
TOTALS:
TOTALS:
Col 1
TOTALS:
Col 2
135
George Washington Federalist
6,818
George Washington Federalist
96
George Washington Federalist
67
George Washington Democratic-Republican
962
George Washington Democratic-Republican
3
George Washington Democratic-Republican
50
Margin
26,385
Margin
92
Not cast
3
TO WIN:
TO WIN:
Col 1
TO WIN:
Col 2
68
George Washington Federalist
George Washington Democratic-Republican
Margin
Not cast
Citation
State
Electoral votes
#
%
Electoral votes
#
%
Electoral votes
#
%
Connecticut
9
No popular vote
9
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Delaware
3
No popular vote
3
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Georgia
4
No popular vote
4
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
Kentucky
4
No data
-
No data
4
-
-
Maryland
8 (10)
898
100
8
No data
-
898
100
2
Massachusetts
16
4,138
100
16
No ballots
-
4,138
100
-
New Hampshire
6
1,782
100
6
No ballots
-
1,782
100
-
New Jersey
7
No popular vote
7
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
New York
12
No popular vote
-
No popular vote
12
-
-
-
North Carolina
12
No popular vote
-
No popular vote
12
-
-
-
Pennsylvania
15
The two best performing electors were supported by both groups
-
-
Rhode Island
4
No popular vote
4
No popular vote
-
-
-
-
South Carolina
8
No popular vote
7
No popular vote
1
-
-
-
Vermont
3 (4)
No popular vote
3
No popular vote
-
-
1
-
Virginia
21
No data
-
962
21
-
-
TOTALS:
135
6,818
96
67
962
3
50
26,385
92
3
TO WIN:
68
· Results › Electoral votes by state
Connecticut
Connecticut
State
Connecticut
Electors
9
Electoral votes
18
GWTooltip George Washington
9
JATooltip John Adams
9
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Delaware
Delaware
State
Delaware
Electors
3
Electoral votes
6
GWTooltip George Washington
3
JATooltip John Adams
3
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Georgia
Georgia
State
Georgia
Electors
4
Electoral votes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
4
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Kentucky
Kentucky
State
Kentucky
Electors
4
Electoral votes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
4
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Maryland
Maryland
State
Maryland
Electors
10
Electoral votes
20
GWTooltip George Washington
8
JATooltip John Adams
8
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
4
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
State
Massachusetts
Electors
16
Electoral votes
32
GWTooltip George Washington
16
JATooltip John Adams
16
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
State
New Hampshire
Electors
6
Electoral votes
12
GWTooltip George Washington
6
JATooltip John Adams
6
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New Jersey
New Jersey
State
New Jersey
Electors
7
Electoral votes
14
GWTooltip George Washington
7
JATooltip John Adams
7
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
New York
New York
State
New York
Electors
12
Electoral votes
24
GWTooltip George Washington
12
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
12
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
North Carolina
North Carolina
State
North Carolina
Electors
12
Electoral votes
24
GWTooltip George Washington
12
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
12
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
State
Pennsylvania
Electors
15
Electoral votes
30
GWTooltip George Washington
15
JATooltip John Adams
14
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
1
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Rhode Island
Rhode Island
State
Rhode Island
Electors
4
Electoral votes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
4
JATooltip John Adams
4
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
South Carolina
South Carolina
State
South Carolina
Electors
8
Electoral votes
16
GWTooltip George Washington
8
JATooltip John Adams
7
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
1
Blank
Vermont
Vermont
State
Vermont
Electors
4
Electoral votes
8
GWTooltip George Washington
3
JATooltip John Adams
3
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
2
Virginia
Virginia
State
Virginia
Electors
21
Electoral votes
42
GWTooltip George Washington
21
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
21
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
TOTAL
TOTAL
State
TOTAL
Electors
135
Electoral votes
270
GWTooltip George Washington
132
JATooltip John Adams
77
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
50
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
4
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
1
Blank
6
TO WIN
TO WIN
State
TO WIN
Electors
67
Electoral votes
67
State
Electors
Electoral votes
GWTooltip George Washington
JATooltip John Adams
GCTooltip George Clinton (vice president)
TJTooltip Thomas Jefferson
ABTooltip Aaron Burr
Blank
Connecticut
9
18
9
9
Delaware
3
6
3
3
Georgia
4
8
4
4
Kentucky
4
8
4
4
Maryland
10
20
8
8
4
Massachusetts
16
32
16
16
New Hampshire
6
12
6
6
New Jersey
7
14
7
7
New York
12
24
12
12
North Carolina
12
24
12
12
Pennsylvania
15
30
15
14
1
Rhode Island
4
8
4
4
South Carolina
8
16
8
7
1
Vermont
4
8
3
3
2
Virginia
21
42
21
21
TOTAL
135
270
132
77
50
4
1
6
TO WIN
67
67
· Electoral college selection
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
Method of choosing electors
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
State(s)
Kentucky Virginia
each elector chosen by voters statewide
each elector chosen by voters statewide
Method of choosing electors
each elector chosen by voters statewide
State(s)
Maryland Pennsylvania
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional district if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional district if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
Method of choosing electors
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional district if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
State(s)
Massachusetts
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
Method of choosing electors
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
State(s)
New Hampshire
each elector appointed by the state legislature
each elector appointed by the state legislature
Method of choosing electors
each elector appointed by the state legislature
State(s)
Connecticut Delaware Georgia New Jersey New York North Carolina Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont
Method of choosing electors
State(s)
state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district
Kentucky Virginia
each elector chosen by voters statewide
Maryland Pennsylvania
two congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in congressional district if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature
Massachusetts
each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2n vote-getters, where n is the number of vacancies remaining
New Hampshire
each elector appointed by the state legislature
Connecticut Delaware Georgia New Jersey New York North Carolina Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont

References

  1. 135 total electors were appointed, three of which did not vote (2 in Maryland and 1 in Vermont). According to the unamen
  2. The two best performing electors in Pennsylvania, Joseph Hiester and William Henry, were supported by both groups. They
  3. Electors voted for two candidates; percentages are calculated as a share of the total number of electors.
  4. United States Election Project
    http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present
  5. American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis
    https://archive.org/details/americanpolitics0000shar
  6. The Oxford Guide to the United States Government
    https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetouni00john
  7. SSRN Electronic Journal
    https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4552179
  8. A New Nation Votes
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/cc08hf97m
  9. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?commit=Limit&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&per_page=100&search_field=dummy_range&utf8=✓
  10. Northern Illinois University Law Review
  11. elections
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  12. elections
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  13. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
    https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000204
  14. United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State
  15. elections
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Massachusetts&search_field=dummy_range&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1792&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1792&commit=Apply
  16. elections
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/x920fz28g
  17. elections
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/5425k9909
  18. elections
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&f%5Bstate_name_sim%5D%5B%5D=Virginia&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1792&range%5Bpub_date_facet_isim%5D%5Bend%5D=1792&search_field=dummy_range
  19. A New Nation Votes
    https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/cc08hf97m
  20. The Papers of George Washington
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130914141726/http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/presidential/electoral.html
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