119th United States Congress

The 119th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, for the last 17 days of Joe Biden's presidency and will continue during the first two years of Donald Trump's second presidency. Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House of Representatives, though the party lost two net seats in the election and thus ended up with a three-seat majority instead of its previous five-seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three-seat majority in the Senate after winning four net seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump's second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump's first term. The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history, Representative Sarah McBride (D-DE). It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of U . senators.

Despite a trifecta, the first year of the Congress saw the lowest number of House votes in a nonelection year since the 101st Congress in 1990.

Infobox

Members

100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates

Senate majority

Republican

Senate President

Kamala Harris (D) (until January 20, 2025) JD Vance (R) (since January 20, 2025)

House majority

Republican

House Speaker

Mike Johnson (R)

Tables

· Party summary › Senate party summary

Democratic

Col 1

Democratic

Party(shading shows control)

Independent

Party(shading shows control)

Republican

End of previous Congress

Col 1

End of previous Congress

Party(shading shows control)

Total

100

Vacant

Begin (January 3, 2025)

Col 1

Begin (January 3, 2025)

Party(shading shows control)

Total

Vacant

January 10, 2025

Col 1

January 10, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

January 14, 2025

Col 1

January 14, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

January 20, 2025

Col 1

January 20, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

January 21, 2025

Col 1

January 21, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

100

Party(shading shows control)

March 23, 2026

Col 1

March 23, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

March 24, 2026

Col 1

March 24, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

100

Party(shading shows control)

Current voting share

Col 1

Current voting share

Party(shading shows control)

47 %

Party(shading shows control)

53 %

	Party(shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Independent	Republican
	End of previous Congress	47	4			49	100	0
Begin (January 3, 2025)	45	2	52	99	1
January 10, 2025			51	98	2
January 14, 2025			52	99	1
January 20, 2025			51	98	2
January 21, 2025			53	100	0
March 23, 2026			52	99	1
March 24, 2026			53	100	0
Current voting share	47 %		53 %

· Party summary › House party summary

Democratic

Col 1

Democratic

Party(shading shows control)

Independent

Party(shading shows control)

Republican

End of previous Congress

Col 1

End of previous Congress

Party(shading shows control)

210

Party(shading shows control)

219

Total

429

Vacant

Begin (January 3, 2025)

Col 1

Begin (January 3, 2025)

Party(shading shows control)

215

Party(shading shows control)

219

Total

434

Vacant

January 20, 2025

Col 1

January 20, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

218

Party(shading shows control)

433

Party(shading shows control)

March 5, 2025

Col 1

March 5, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

214

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

March 13, 2025

Col 1

March 13, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

213

Party(shading shows control)

431

Party(shading shows control)

April 2, 2025

Col 1

April 2, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

220

Party(shading shows control)

433

Party(shading shows control)

May 21, 2025

Col 1

May 21, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

212

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

July 20, 2025

Col 1

July 20, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

219

Party(shading shows control)

431

Party(shading shows control)

September 10, 2025

Col 1

September 10, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

213

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

November 12, 2025

Col 1

November 12, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

214

Party(shading shows control)

433

Party(shading shows control)

November 20, 2025

Col 1

November 20, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

213

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

December 4, 2025

Col 1

December 4, 2025

Party(shading shows control)

220

Party(shading shows control)

433

Party(shading shows control)

January 5, 2026

Col 1

January 5, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

219

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

January 6, 2026

Col 1

January 6, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

218

Party(shading shows control)

431

Party(shading shows control)

February 2, 2026

Col 1

February 2, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

214

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

March 9, 2026

Col 1

March 9, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

217

April 14, 2026

Col 1

April 14, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

213

Party(shading shows control)

431

Party(shading shows control)

April 20, 2026

Col 1

April 20, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

214

Party(shading shows control)

432

Party(shading shows control)

April 21, 2026

Col 1

April 21, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

213

Party(shading shows control)

431

Party(shading shows control)

April 22, 2026

Col 1

April 22, 2026

Party(shading shows control)

212

Party(shading shows control)

430

Party(shading shows control)

Current voting share

Col 1

Current voting share

Party(shading shows control)

49 %

Party(shading shows control)

50 %

Non-voting members

Col 1

Non-voting members

Party(shading shows control)

Total

Vacant

	Party(shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic	Independent	Republican
	End of previous Congress	210	0			219	429	6
Begin (January 3, 2025)	215	0	219	434	1
January 20, 2025	215		218	433	2
March 5, 2025	214			432	3
March 13, 2025	213			431	4
April 2, 2025	213		220	433	2
May 21, 2025	212		220	432	3
July 20, 2025	212		219	431	4
September 10, 2025	213		432	3
November 12, 2025	214		433	2
November 20, 2025	213		432	3
December 4, 2025			220	433	2
January 5, 2026			219	432	3
January 6, 2026			218	431	4
February 2, 2026	214		218	432	3
March 9, 2026	214	1	217	432	3
April 14, 2026	213	431	4
April 20, 2026	214	432	3
April 21, 2026	213	431	4
April 22, 2026	212	430	5
Current voting share	49 %	50 %
Non-voting members	3	0	3	6	0

Senate changes · Changes in membership › Senate membership changes

West Virginia (1)

State (class)

West Virginia (1)

Vacated by

Vacant

Reason for change

Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.

Successor

Jim Justice (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

January 14, 2025

Ohio (3)

State (class)

Ohio (3)

Vacated by

JD Vance (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States. Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.

Successor

Jon Husted (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

January 21, 2025

Florida (3)

State (class)

Florida (3)

Vacated by

Marco Rubio (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become United States Secretary of State. Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.

Successor

Ashley Moody (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

January 21, 2025

Oklahoma (2)

State (class)

Oklahoma (2)

Vacated by

Markwayne Mullin (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned March 23, 2026, to become United States Secretary of Homeland Security. Successor was appointed to finish the term.

Successor

Alan S. Armstrong (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

March 24, 2026

State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
West Virginia (1)	Vacant	Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing his term as Governor of West Virginia before taking his seat.	Jim Justice (R)	January 14, 2025
Ohio (3)	JD Vance (R)	Incumbent resigned January 10, 2025, to become Vice President of the United States. Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.	Jon Husted (R)	January 21, 2025
Florida (3)	Marco Rubio (R)	Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become United States Secretary of State. Successor was appointed to continue the term until a special election is held in 2026.	Ashley Moody (R)	January 21, 2025
Oklahoma (2)	Markwayne Mullin (R)	Incumbent resigned March 23, 2026, to become United States Secretary of Homeland Security. Successor was appointed to finish the term.	Alan S. Armstrong (R)	March 24, 2026

House changes · Changes in membership › House membership changes

Florida 1

District

Florida 1

Vacated by

Vacant

Reason for change

Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected. A special election was held on April 1, 2025.

Successor

Jimmy Patronis (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

April 2, 2025

Florida 6

District

Florida 6

Vacated by

Mike Waltz (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor. A special election was held on April 1, 2025.

Successor

Randy Fine (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

April 2, 2025

Texas 18

District

Texas 18

Vacated by

Sylvester Turner (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent died March 5, 2025. A special election was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff was held on January 31, 2026.

Successor

Christian Menefee (D)

Date of successor's formal installation

February 2, 2026

Arizona 7

District

Arizona 7

Vacated by

Raúl Grijalva (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent died March 13, 2025, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. A special election was held on September 23, 2025.

Successor

Adelita Grijalva (D)

Date of successor's formal installation

November 12, 2025

Virginia 11

District

Virginia 11

Vacated by

Gerry Connolly (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent died May 21, 2025, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. A special election was held on September 9, 2025.

Successor

James Walkinshaw (D)

Date of successor's formal installation

September 10, 2025

Tennessee 7

District

Tennessee 7

Vacated by

Mark Green (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned July 20, 2025, to take a job in the private sector. A special election was held on December 2, 2025.

Successor

Matt Van Epps (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

December 4, 2025

New Jersey 11

District

New Jersey 11

Vacated by

Mikie Sherrill (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned November 20, 2025, after being elected Governor of New Jersey. A special election was held on April 16, 2026.

Successor

Analilia Mejia (D)

Date of successor's formal installation

April 20, 2026

Georgia 14

District

Georgia 14

Vacated by

Marjorie Taylor Greene (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned January 5, 2026, citing her disagreements with President Donald Trump. A special election was held on March 10, 2026, and a runoff was held on April 7.

Successor

Clay Fuller (R)

Date of successor's formal installation

April 14, 2026

California 1

District

California 1

Vacated by

Doug LaMalfa (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent died January 6, 2026. A special election will be held on June 2, 2026, and a runoff will be held on August 4, if necessary.

California 3

District

California 3

Vacated by

Kevin Kiley (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent changed parties March 9, 2026.

Successor

Kevin Kiley (I)

Date of successor's formal installation

N/A

California 14

District

California 14

Vacated by

Eric Swalwell (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned April 14, 2026. A special election will be held on June 16, 2026, and a runoff will be held on August 18, if necessary.

Texas 23

District

Texas 23

Vacated by

Tony Gonzales (R)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned April 14, 2026. A special election will be held on TBD.

Florida 20

District

Florida 20

Vacated by

Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent resigned April 21, 2026. A special election will be held on TBD.

Georgia 13

District

Georgia 13

Vacated by

David Scott (D)

Reason for change

Incumbent died April 22, 2026. A special election will be held on July 28, 2026.

District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Florida 1	Vacant	Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected. A special election was held on April 1, 2025.	Jimmy Patronis (R)	April 2, 2025
Florida 6	Mike Waltz (R)	Incumbent resigned January 20, 2025, to become National Security Advisor. A special election was held on April 1, 2025.	Randy Fine (R)	April 2, 2025
Texas 18	Sylvester Turner (D)	Incumbent died March 5, 2025. A special election was held on November 4, 2025, and a runoff was held on January 31, 2026.	Christian Menefee (D)	February 2, 2026
Arizona 7	Raúl Grijalva (D)	Incumbent died March 13, 2025, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. A special election was held on September 23, 2025.	Adelita Grijalva (D)	November 12, 2025
Virginia 11	Gerry Connolly (D)	Incumbent died May 21, 2025, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. A special election was held on September 9, 2025.	James Walkinshaw (D)	September 10, 2025
Tennessee 7	Mark Green (R)	Incumbent resigned July 20, 2025, to take a job in the private sector. A special election was held on December 2, 2025.	Matt Van Epps (R)	December 4, 2025
New Jersey 11	Mikie Sherrill (D)	Incumbent resigned November 20, 2025, after being elected Governor of New Jersey. A special election was held on April 16, 2026.	Analilia Mejia (D)	April 20, 2026
Georgia 14	Marjorie Taylor Greene (R)	Incumbent resigned January 5, 2026, citing her disagreements with President Donald Trump. A special election was held on March 10, 2026, and a runoff was held on April 7.	Clay Fuller (R)	April 14, 2026
California 1	Doug LaMalfa (R)	Incumbent died January 6, 2026. A special election will be held on June 2, 2026, and a runoff will be held on August 4, if necessary.
California 3	Kevin Kiley (R)	Incumbent changed parties March 9, 2026.	Kevin Kiley (I)	N/A
California 14	Eric Swalwell (D)	Incumbent resigned April 14, 2026. A special election will be held on June 16, 2026, and a runoff will be held on August 18, if necessary.
Texas 23	Tony Gonzales (R)	Incumbent resigned April 14, 2026. A special election will be held on TBD.
Florida 20	Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)	Incumbent resigned April 21, 2026. A special election will be held on TBD.
Georgia 13	David Scott (D)	Incumbent died April 22, 2026. A special election will be held on July 28, 2026.

· Committees › Senate committees

Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY)

Committee

Aging (Special)

Chair

Rick Scott (R-FL)

Ranking Member

Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY)

Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)

Committee

Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry

Chair

John Boozman (R-AR)

Ranking Member

Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)

Patty Murray (D-WA)

Committee

Appropriations

Chair

Susan Collins (R-ME)

Ranking Member

Patty Murray (D-WA)

Jack Reed (D-RI)

Committee

Armed Services

Chair

Roger Wicker (R-MS)

Ranking Member

Jack Reed (D-RI)

Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)

Committee

Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs

Chair

Tim Scott (R-SC)

Ranking Member

Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)

Jeff Merkley (D-OR)

Committee

Budget

Chair

Lindsey Graham (R-SC)

Ranking Member

Jeff Merkley (D-OR)

Maria Cantwell (D-WA)

Committee

Commerce, Science and Transportation

Chair

Ted Cruz (R-TX)

Ranking Member

Maria Cantwell (D-WA)

Martin Heinrich (D-NM)

Committee

Energy and Natural Resources

Chair

Mike Lee (R-UT)

Ranking Member

Martin Heinrich (D-NM)

Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

Committee

Environment and Public Works

Chair

Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)

Ranking Member

Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

Chris Coons (D-DE)

Committee

Ethics (Select)

Chair

James Lankford (R-OK)

Ranking Member

Chris Coons (D-DE)

Ron Wyden (D-OR)

Committee

Finance

Chair

Mike Crapo (R-ID)

Ranking Member

Ron Wyden (D-OR)

Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)

Committee

Foreign Relations

Chair

Jim Risch (R-ID)

Ranking Member

Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)

Bernie Sanders (I-VT)

Committee

Health, Education, Labor and Pensions

Chair

Bill Cassidy (R-LA)

Ranking Member

Bernie Sanders (I-VT)

Gary Peters (D-MI)

Committee

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

Chair

Rand Paul (R-KY)

Ranking Member

Gary Peters (D-MI)

Brian Schatz (D-HI)

Committee

Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)

Chair

Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)

Ranking Member

Brian Schatz (D-HI)

Mark Warner (D-VA)

Committee

Intelligence (Select)

Chair

Tom Cotton (R-AR)

Ranking Member

Mark Warner (D-VA)

Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

Committee

International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)

Chair

John Cornyn (R-TX)

Ranking Member

Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)

Dick Durbin (D-IL)

Committee

Judiciary

Chair

Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

Ranking Member

Dick Durbin (D-IL)

Alex Padilla (D-CA)

Committee

Rules and Administration

Chair

Mitch McConnell (R-KY)

Ranking Member

Alex Padilla (D-CA)

Ed Markey (D-MA)

Committee

Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Chair

Joni Ernst (R-IA)

Ranking Member

Ed Markey (D-MA)

Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

Committee

Veterans' Affairs

Chair

Jerry Moran (R-KS)

Ranking Member

Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

Committee	Chair	Ranking Member
Aging (Special)	Rick Scott (R-FL)	Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry	John Boozman (R-AR)	Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Appropriations	Susan Collins (R-ME)	Patty Murray (D-WA)
Armed Services	Roger Wicker (R-MS)	Jack Reed (D-RI)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs	Tim Scott (R-SC)	Elizabeth Warren (D-MA)
Budget	Lindsey Graham (R-SC)	Jeff Merkley (D-OR)
Commerce, Science and Transportation	Ted Cruz (R-TX)	Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Energy and Natural Resources	Mike Lee (R-UT)	Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
Environment and Public Works	Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)	Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
Ethics (Select)	James Lankford (R-OK)	Chris Coons (D-DE)
Finance	Mike Crapo (R-ID)	Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Foreign Relations	Jim Risch (R-ID)	Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions	Bill Cassidy (R-LA)	Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs	Rand Paul (R-KY)	Gary Peters (D-MI)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)	Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)	Brian Schatz (D-HI)
Intelligence (Select)	Tom Cotton (R-AR)	Mark Warner (D-VA)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)	John Cornyn (R-TX)	Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)
Judiciary	Chuck Grassley (R-IA)	Dick Durbin (D-IL)
Rules and Administration	Mitch McConnell (R-KY)	Alex Padilla (D-CA)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship	Joni Ernst (R-IA)	Ed Markey (D-MA)
Veterans' Affairs	Jerry Moran (R-KS)	Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

References

U . Vice President Kamala Harris's term as President of the Senate ended at noon January 20, 2025, when JD Vance's term
Maine, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation; howeve
All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
In West Virginia: Senator-elect Jim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term as Go
In Ohio: JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Vice President of the United States. Aft
In West Virginia: Senator Jim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term as Governor of West
In Florida: Senator Marco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him as Secr
In Oklahoma: Senator Markwayne Mullin (R) resigned from the Senate on March 23, 2026, after the Senate confirmed him as
Independent Kevin Kiley caucuses with the Republicans.
In Florida's 1st district: Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not
In Florida's 6th district: Mike Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to become United States National Security Adviso
In Texas's 18th district: Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025. A special election was held on November 4, 2025, a
In Arizona's 7th district: Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025. Adelita Grijalva was elected on September 23, 2025.
In Virginia's 11th district: Gerry Connolly (D) died on May 21, 2025. James Walkinshaw was elected on September 9, 2025.
In Tennessee's 7th district: Mark Green (R) resigned on July 20, 2025, and Matt Van Epps was elected on December 2, 2025
In New Jersey's 11th district: Mikie Sherrill (D) resigned on November 20, 2025, in anticipation of becoming Governor of
In Georgia's 14th district: Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) resigned on January 5, 2026. A special election to elect a succes
In California's 1st district: Doug LaMalfa (R) died on January 6, 2026. A special election to elect a successor will be
In California's 3rd district: Kevin Kiley (R) announced on March 6, 2026 that he would run for re-election as an indepen
In California's 14th district: Eric Swalwell (D) resigned on April 14, 2026. A special election to elect a successor wil