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113th United States Congress

Updated: Wikipedia source

113th United States Congress

The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D ., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.

Infobox

Members
100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates
Senate majority
Democratic
Senate President
Joe Biden (D)
House majority
Republican
House Speaker
John Boehner (R)

Tables

· Party summary › Senate
Democratic
Democratic
Col 1
Democratic
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
Independent (caucusing with Democrats)
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
Republican
End of previous Congress
End of previous Congress
Col 1
End of previous Congress
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
51
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
2
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
47
Total
100
Vacant
0
Begin
Begin
Col 1
Begin
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
53
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
2
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
45
Total
100
Vacant
0
June 3, 2013
June 3, 2013
Col 1
June 3, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
52
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
99
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
1
June 6, 2013
June 6, 2013
Col 1
June 6, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
46
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
100
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
0
October 31, 2013
October 31, 2013
Col 1
October 31, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
53
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
45
February 6, 2014
February 6, 2014
Col 1
February 6, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
52
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
99
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
1
February 9, 2014
February 9, 2014
Col 1
February 9, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
53
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
100
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
0
Final voting share
Final voting share
Col 1
Final voting share
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
55%
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
45%
Beginning of the next Congress
Beginning of the next Congress
Col 1
Beginning of the next Congress
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
44
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
2
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
54
Total
100
Vacant
0
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Vacant
Democratic
Independent (caucusing with Democrats)
Republican
End of previous Congress
51
2
47
100
0
Begin
53
2
45
100
0
June 3, 2013
52
99
1
June 6, 2013
46
100
0
October 31, 2013
53
45
February 6, 2014
52
99
1
February 9, 2014
53
100
0
Final voting share
55%
45%
Beginning of the next Congress
44
2
54
100
0
· Party summary › House of Representatives
Democratic
Democratic
Col 1
Democratic
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
Republican
End of previous Congress
End of previous Congress
Col 1
End of previous Congress
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
191
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
240
Total
431
Vacant
4
Begin
Begin
Col 1
Begin
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
200
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Total
433
Vacant
2
January 22, 2013
January 22, 2013
Col 1
January 22, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
232
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
April 9, 2013
April 9, 2013
Col 1
April 9, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
201
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
433
Total
2
May 7, 2013
May 7, 2013
Col 1
May 7, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
434
Total
1
June 4, 2013
June 4, 2013
Col 1
June 4, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
234
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
435
Total
0
July 15, 2013
July 15, 2013
Col 1
July 15, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
200
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
434
Total
1
August 2, 2013
August 2, 2013
Col 1
August 2, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
433
Total
2
September 26, 2013
September 26, 2013
Col 1
September 26, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
232
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
October 18, 2013
October 18, 2013
Col 1
October 18, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
231
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
431
Total
4
November 16, 2013
November 16, 2013
Col 1
November 16, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
232
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
December 10, 2013
December 10, 2013
Col 1
December 10, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
201
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
433
Total
2
December 17, 2013
December 17, 2013
Col 1
December 17, 2013
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
434
Total
1
January 6, 2014
January 6, 2014
Col 1
January 6, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
200
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
433
Total
2
January 27, 2014
January 27, 2014
Col 1
January 27, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
232
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
February 18, 2014
February 18, 2014
Col 1
February 18, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
199
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
431
Total
4
March 11, 2014
March 11, 2014
Col 1
March 11, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
June 24, 2014
June 24, 2014
Col 1
June 24, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
234
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
433
Total
2
August 18, 2014
August 18, 2014
Col 1
August 18, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
233
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
432
Total
3
November 4, 2014
November 4, 2014
Col 1
November 4, 2014
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
201
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
234
Total
435
Vacant
0
Final voting share
Final voting share
Col 1
Final voting share
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
46 %
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
53 %
Non-voting members
Non-voting members
Col 1
Non-voting members
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
6
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
0
Total
6
Vacant
0
Beginning of the next Congress
Beginning of the next Congress
Col 1
Beginning of the next Congress
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
188
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
247
Total
435
Vacant
0
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Vacant
Democratic
Republican
End of previous Congress
191
240
431
4
Begin
200
233
433
2
January 22, 2013
232
432
3
April 9, 2013
201
433
2
May 7, 2013
233
434
1
June 4, 2013
234
435
0
July 15, 2013
200
434
1
August 2, 2013
233
433
2
September 26, 2013
232
432
3
October 18, 2013
231
431
4
November 16, 2013
232
432
3
December 10, 2013
201
433
2
December 17, 2013
233
434
1
January 6, 2014
200
433
2
January 27, 2014
232
432
3
February 18, 2014
199
431
4
March 11, 2014
233
432
3
June 24, 2014
234
433
2
August 18, 2014
233
432
3
November 4, 2014
201
234
435
0
Final voting share
46 %
53 %
Non-voting members
6
0
6
0
Beginning of the next Congress
188
247
435
0
Senate changes · Changes in membership › Senate
Massachusetts (2)
Massachusetts (2)
State (class)
Massachusetts (2)
Vacated by
John Kerry (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned February 1, 2013, to become U . Secretary of State. Successor was appointed February 1, 2013, to continue the term.
Successor
Mo Cowan (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
February 1, 2013
New Jersey (2)
New Jersey (2)
State (class)
New Jersey (2)
Vacated by
Frank Lautenberg (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent died June 3, 2013. Successor was appointed June 6, 2013, to continue the term.
Successor
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
June 10, 2013
Massachusetts (2)
Massachusetts (2)
State (class)
Massachusetts (2)
Vacated by
Mo Cowan (D)
Reason for change
Appointee resigned July 16, 2013, following a special election. Successor was elected June 25, 2013, to finish the term.
Successor
Ed Markey (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
July 16, 2013
New Jersey (2)
New Jersey (2)
State (class)
New Jersey (2)
Vacated by
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)
Reason for change
Appointee resigned October 31, 2013, following a special election. Successor was elected October 16, 2013, to finish the term.
Successor
Cory Booker (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
October 31, 2013
Montana (2)
Montana (2)
State (class)
Montana (2)
Vacated by
Max Baucus (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned February 6, 2014, to become U . Ambassador to China, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. Successor was appointed February 9, 2014, to finish the term.
Successor
John Walsh (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
February 11, 2014
State (class)
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation
Massachusetts (2)
John Kerry (D)
Incumbent resigned February 1, 2013, to become U . Secretary of State. Successor was appointed February 1, 2013, to continue the term.
Mo Cowan (D)
February 1, 2013
New Jersey (2)
Frank Lautenberg (D)
Incumbent died June 3, 2013. Successor was appointed June 6, 2013, to continue the term.
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)
June 10, 2013
Massachusetts (2)
Mo Cowan (D)
Appointee resigned July 16, 2013, following a special election. Successor was elected June 25, 2013, to finish the term.
Ed Markey (D)
July 16, 2013
New Jersey (2)
Jeffrey Chiesa (R)
Appointee resigned October 31, 2013, following a special election. Successor was elected October 16, 2013, to finish the term.
Cory Booker (D)
October 31, 2013
Montana (2)
Max Baucus (D)
Incumbent resigned February 6, 2014, to become U . Ambassador to China, having already planned to retire at the end of the term. Successor was appointed February 9, 2014, to finish the term.
John Walsh (D)
February 11, 2014
House changes · Changes in membership › House of Representatives
Illinois 2
Illinois 2
District
Illinois 2
Vacated by
Vacant
Reason for change
Jesse Jackson Jr. (D) resigned November 21, 2012, near the end of the previous Congress for health reasons, and declined to take office after being re-elected. A special election was held April 9, 2013.
Successor
Robin Kelly (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
April 11, 2013
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 1
District
South Carolina 1
Vacated by
Vacant
Reason for change
Tim Scott (R) resigned January 2, 2013, near the end of the previous Congress, when appointed to the Senate. A special election was held May 7, 2013.
Successor
Mark Sanford (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
May 15, 2013
Missouri 8
Missouri 8
District
Missouri 8
Vacated by
Jo Ann Emerson (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned January 22, 2013, to become president and CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. A special election was held June 4, 2013.
Successor
Jason Smith (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
June 5, 2013
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 5
District
Massachusetts 5
Vacated by
Ed Markey (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned July 16, 2013, having been elected to the United States Senate in a special election. A special election was held December 10, 2013.
Successor
Katherine Clark (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
December 12, 2013
Alabama 1
Alabama 1
District
Alabama 1
Vacated by
Jo Bonner (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned August 2, 2013, to become a vice chancellor in the University of Alabama System. A special election was held December 17, 2013.
Successor
Bradley Byrne (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
January 7, 2014
Louisiana 5
Louisiana 5
District
Louisiana 5
Vacated by
Rodney Alexander (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned September 26, 2013, to become the secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs. A special election was held November 16, 2013.
Successor
Vance McAllister (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
November 21, 2013
Florida 13
Florida 13
District
Florida 13
Vacated by
Bill Young (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent died October 18, 2013. A special election was held March 11, 2014.
Successor
David Jolly (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
March 13, 2014
North Carolina 12
North Carolina 12
District
North Carolina 12
Vacated by
Mel Watt (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned January 6, 2014, to become head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Successor
Alma Adams (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
November 12, 2014
Florida 19
Florida 19
District
Florida 19
Vacated by
Trey Radel (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned January 27, 2014 following a conviction for cocaine possession. A special election was held June 24, 2014.
Successor
Curt Clawson (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
June 25, 2014
New Jersey 1
New Jersey 1
District
New Jersey 1
Vacated by
Rob Andrews (D)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned February 18, 2014, to take a position at a Philadelphia law firm. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Successor
Donald Norcross (D)
Date of successor's formal installation
November 12, 2014
Virginia 7
Virginia 7
District
Virginia 7
Vacated by
Eric Cantor (R)
Reason for change
Incumbent resigned August 18, 2014 following his primary defeat. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Successor
Dave Brat (R)
Date of successor's formal installation
November 12, 2014
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation
Illinois 2
Vacant
Jesse Jackson Jr. (D) resigned November 21, 2012, near the end of the previous Congress for health reasons, and declined to take office after being re-elected. A special election was held April 9, 2013.
Robin Kelly (D)
April 11, 2013
South Carolina 1
Vacant
Tim Scott (R) resigned January 2, 2013, near the end of the previous Congress, when appointed to the Senate. A special election was held May 7, 2013.
Mark Sanford (R)
May 15, 2013
Missouri 8
Jo Ann Emerson (R)
Incumbent resigned January 22, 2013, to become president and CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. A special election was held June 4, 2013.
Jason Smith (R)
June 5, 2013
Massachusetts 5
Ed Markey (D)
Incumbent resigned July 16, 2013, having been elected to the United States Senate in a special election. A special election was held December 10, 2013.
Katherine Clark (D)
December 12, 2013
Alabama 1
Jo Bonner (R)
Incumbent resigned August 2, 2013, to become a vice chancellor in the University of Alabama System. A special election was held December 17, 2013.
Bradley Byrne (R)
January 7, 2014
Louisiana 5
Rodney Alexander (R)
Incumbent resigned September 26, 2013, to become the secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs. A special election was held November 16, 2013.
Vance McAllister (R)
November 21, 2013
Florida 13
Bill Young (R)
Incumbent died October 18, 2013. A special election was held March 11, 2014.
David Jolly (R)
March 13, 2014
North Carolina 12
Mel Watt (D)
Incumbent resigned January 6, 2014, to become head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Alma Adams (D)
November 12, 2014
Florida 19
Trey Radel (R)
Incumbent resigned January 27, 2014 following a conviction for cocaine possession. A special election was held June 24, 2014.
Curt Clawson (R)
June 25, 2014
New Jersey 1
Rob Andrews (D)
Incumbent resigned February 18, 2014, to take a position at a Philadelphia law firm. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Donald Norcross (D)
November 12, 2014
Virginia 7
Eric Cantor (R)
Incumbent resigned August 18, 2014 following his primary defeat. A special election was held November 4, 2014.
Dave Brat (R)
November 12, 2014
· Committees › Senate
Susan Collins (R-ME)
Susan Collins (R-ME)
Committee
Aging (special)
Chairman
Bill Nelson (D-FL)
Ranking Member
Susan Collins (R-ME)
Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Committee
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
Chairman
Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
Ranking Member
Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Committee
Appropriations
Chairman
Barbara Mikulski (D-MD)
Ranking Member
Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Committee
Armed Services
Chairman
Carl Levin (D-MI)
Ranking Member
Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Committee
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
Chairman
Tim Johnson (D-SD)
Ranking Member
Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Committee
Budget
Chairman
Patty Murray (D-WA)
Ranking Member
Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
John Thune (R-SD)
John Thune (R-SD)
Committee
Commerce, Science and Transportation
Chairman
Jay Rockefeller (D-WV)
Ranking Member
John Thune (R-SD)
Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Committee
Energy and Natural Resources
Chairman
Ron Wyden (D-OR) until Feb 2014
Ranking Member
Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
David Vitter (R-LA)
David Vitter (R-LA)
Committee
Environment and Public Works
Chairman
Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
Ranking Member
David Vitter (R-LA)
Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Committee
Ethics (select)
Chairman
Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
Ranking Member
Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Committee
Finance
Chairman
Max Baucus (D-MT) until Feb 2014
Ranking Member
Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Bob Corker (R-TN)
Bob Corker (R-TN)
Committee
Foreign Relations
Chairman
John Kerry (D-MA) until Feb 2013
Ranking Member
Bob Corker (R-TN)
Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Committee
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
Chairman
Tom Harkin (D-IA)
Ranking Member
Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Tom Coburn (R-OK)
Tom Coburn (R-OK)
Committee
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Chairman
Thomas Carper (D-DE)
Ranking Member
Tom Coburn (R-OK)
John Barrasso (R-WY)
John Barrasso (R-WY)
Committee
Indian Affairs
Chairman
Maria Cantwell (D-WA) until Feb 2014
Ranking Member
John Barrasso (R-WY)
Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Committee
Intelligence (Select)
Chairman
Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Ranking Member
Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Committee
Judiciary
Chairman
Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Ranking Member
Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Committee
Rules and Administration
Chairman
Chuck Schumer (D-NY)
Ranking Member
Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Jim Risch (R-ID)
Jim Risch (R-ID)
Committee
Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Chairman
Mary Landrieu (D-LA) until Feb 2014
Ranking Member
Jim Risch (R-ID)
Richard Burr (R-NC)
Richard Burr (R-NC)
Committee
Veterans' Affairs
Chairman
Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Ranking Member
Richard Burr (R-NC)
Committee
Chairman
Ranking Member
Aging (special)
Bill Nelson (D-FL)
Susan Collins (R-ME)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Appropriations
Barbara Mikulski (D-MD)
Richard Shelby (R-AL)
Armed Services
Carl Levin (D-MI)
Jim Inhofe (R-OK)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
Tim Johnson (D-SD)
Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Budget
Patty Murray (D-WA)
Jeff Sessions (R-AL)
Commerce, Science and Transportation
Jay Rockefeller (D-WV)
John Thune (R-SD)
Energy and Natural Resources
Ron Wyden (D-OR) until Feb 2014
Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Mary Landrieu (D-LA) from Feb 2014
Environment and Public Works
Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
David Vitter (R-LA)
Ethics (select)
Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
Johnny Isakson (R-GA)
Finance
Max Baucus (D-MT) until Feb 2014
Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Ron Wyden (D-OR) from Feb 2014
Foreign Relations
John Kerry (D-MA) until Feb 2013
Bob Corker (R-TN)
Bob Menendez (D-NJ) from Feb 2013
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
Tom Harkin (D-IA)
Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Thomas Carper (D-DE)
Tom Coburn (R-OK)
Indian Affairs
Maria Cantwell (D-WA) until Feb 2014
John Barrasso (R-WY)
Jon Tester (D-MT) from Feb 2014
Intelligence (Select)
Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Judiciary
Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Rules and Administration
Chuck Schumer (D-NY)
Pat Roberts (R-KS)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship
Mary Landrieu (D-LA) until Feb 2014
Jim Risch (R-ID)
Maria Cantwell (D-WA) from Feb 2014
Veterans' Affairs
Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Richard Burr (R-NC)

References

  1. In New Jersey, Frank Lautenberg (D) died June 3, 2013, and Jeffrey Chiesa (R) was appointed June 6, 2013, to continue th
  2. In Montana, Max Baucus (D) resigned February 6, 2014, and John Walsh (D) was appointed February 9, 2014, to continue the
  3. In Illinois's 2nd district: Jesse Jackson Jr. (D) resigned during the previous Congress, and Robin Kelly (D) was elected
  4. In South Carolina's 1st district: Tim Scott (R) resigned during the previous Congress, and Mark Sanford (R) was elected
  5. In Missouri's 8th district: Jo Ann Emerson (R) resigned January 22, 2013, and Jason Smith (R) was elected June 4, 2013.
  6. In Massachusetts's 5th district: Ed Markey (D) resigned July 15, 2013, and Katherine Clark (D) was elected December 10,
  7. In Alabama's 1st district: Jo Bonner (R) resigned August 2, 2013, and Bradley Byrne (R) was elected December 17, 2013.
  8. In Louisiana's 5th district: Rodney Alexander (R) resigned September 25, 2013, and Vance McAllister (R) was elected Nove
  9. In Florida's 13th district: Bill Young (R) died October 18, 2013, and David Jolly (R) was elected March 11, 2014.
  10. In North Carolina's 12th district: Mel Watt (D) resigned January 6, 2014, and Alma Adams (D) was elected November 4, 201
  11. In Florida's 19th district: Trey Radel (R) resigned January 27, 2014, and Curt Clawson (R) was elected June 24, 2014.
  12. In New Jersey's 1st district: Rob Andrews (D) resigned February 18, 2014, and Donald Norcross (D) was elected November 4
  13. In Virginia's 7th district: Eric Cantor (R) resigned August 18, 2014, and Dave Brat (R) was elected November 4, 2014.
  14. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party (D-NPL) are t
  15. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  16. Yahoo News
    https://news.yahoo.com/federal-shutdown-closes-the-statue-of-liberty-and-other-top-tourist-sites-170824152.html
  17. H . 122
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-joint-resolution/122
  18. "Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies"
    http://www.inaugural.senate.gov
  19. Slate
    https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/01/for-the-first-time-ever-we-ll-have-two-black-senators-serving-at-the-same-time.html
  20. National Journal
    http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/everything-we-learned-from-edward-snowden-in-2013-20131231
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